THE JOURNAL OF NEGRO HISTORY EDITED BY CARTER G. WOODSON VOL. I., No. 1 JANUARY, 1916 PUBLISHED QUARTERLY CONTENTS CARTER G. WOODSON: The Negroes of Cincinnati Prior to the Civil War W. B. HARTGROVE: The Story of Maria Louise Moore and Fannie M. Richards MONROE N. WORK: The Passing Tradition and the African Civilization A. O. STAFFORD: The Mind of the African Negro as reflected in his Proverbs DOCUMENTS: What the Negro was thinking during the Eighteenth Century. Letters showing the Rise and Progress of the early Negro Churches of Georgia and The West Indies. REVIEWS OF BOOKS: STEWARD'S _Haitian Revolution_; CROMWELL'S _The Negro in American History_; ELLIS'S _Negro Culture in West Africa_; and WOODSON'S _The Education of the Negro Prior to 1861_. NOTES THE ASSOCIATION FOR THE STUDY OF NEGRO LIFE AND HISTORY, INCORPORATED 41 North Queen Street, Lancaster, PA. 2223 Twelfth Street, Washington, D.C. 25 Cents A Copy $1.00 A Year Copyright, 1916 Application made for entry as second class mail matter at the Postoffice at Lancaster, Pa. THE NEGROES OF CINCINNATI PRIOR TO THE CIVIL WAR The study of the history of the Negroes of Cincinnati is unusually important for the reason that from no other annals do we get such striking evidence that the colored people generally thrive when encouraged by their white neighbors. This story is otherwise significant when we consider the fact that about a fourth of the persons of color settling in the State of Ohio during the first half of the last century made their homes in this city. Situated on a north bend of the Ohio where commerce breaks bulk, Cincinnati rapidly developed, attracting both foreigners and Americans, among whom were not a few Negroes. Exactly how many persons of color were in this city during the first decade of the nineteenth century is not yet known. It has been said that there were no Negroes in Hamilton County in 1800.[1] It is evident, too, that the real exodus of free Negroes and fugitives from the South to the Northwest Territory did not begin prior to 1815, although their attention had been earlier directed to this section as a more desirable place for colonization than the shores of Africa.[2] As the reaction following the era of good feeling toward the Negroes during the revolutionary period had not reached its climax free persons of color had been content to remain in the South.[3] The unexpected immigration of these Negroes into this section and the last bold effort made to drive them out marked epochs in their history in this city. The history of these people prior to the Civil War, therefore, falls into three periods, one of toleration from 1800 to 1826, one of persecution from 1826 to 1841, and one of amelioration from 1841 to 1861.