The Journal of the Debates in the Convention which Framed the Constitution of the United States, May-September 1787. Volume 1Madison, James
History
The Journal of the Debates in the Convention which Framed the Constitution of the United States, May-September 1787. Volume 1
Madison, James
Constitutional law -- United States; Constitutions -- United States; United States. Constitution
"Will the representatives of a state forget state interests?
The mode of election cannot change it. These prejudices
cannot be eradicated--Your general government cannot be just
or equal upon the Virginia plan, unless you abolish state
interests. If this cannot be done, you must go back to
principles purely federal.
"On this latter ground, the state legislatures and their
constituents will have no interests to pursue different from
the general government, and both will be interested to
support each other. Under these ideas can it be expected
that the people can approve the Virginia plan? But it is
said, the people, not the state legislatures, will be called
upon for approbation--with an evident design to separate the
interests of the governors from the governed. What must be
the consequence? Anarchy and confusion. We lose the ideas of
the powers with which we are intrusted. The legislatures
must approve. By them it must, on your own plan, be laid
before the people. How will such a government, over so many
great states, operate. Wherever new settlements have been
formed in large states, they immediately want to shake off
their independency. Why? Because the government is too
remote for their good. The people want it nearer home.
"The basis of all ancient and modern confederacies is the
freedom and the independency of the states composing it. The
states forming the amphictionic council were equal, though
Lacedemon, one of the greatest states, attempted the
exclusion of three of the lesser states from this right. The
plan reported, it is true, only intends to diminish those
rights, not to annihilate them--It was the ambition and
power of the great Grecian states which at last ruined this
respectable council. The states as societies are ever
respectful. Has Holland or Switzerland ever complained of
the equality of the states which compose their respective
confederacies? Bern and Zurich are larger than the remaining
eleven cantons--so of many of the states of Germany; and yet
their governments are not complained of. Bern alone might
usurp the whole power of the Helvetic confederacy, but she
is contented still with being equal.
"The admission of the larger states into the confederation,
on the principle of equality, is dangerous--But on the
Virginia system it is ruinous and destructive. Still it is
the true interest of all the states to confederate--It is
their joint efforts which must protect and secure us from
foreign danger, and give us peace and harmony at home.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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