The kaleidoscope : $b its history, theory and construction. With its application to the fine and useful artsBrewster, David
Science
The kaleidoscope : $b its history, theory and construction. With its application to the fine and useful arts
Brewster, David
Kaleidoscopes
If the object moves from =X= to =O=, Fig. 9, in the direction of
the radius, all the images will likewise move towards =O=, and the
patterns will have the appearance of being absorbed or extinguished in
the centre. If the motion of the object is from =O= to =X=, the images
will also move outwards in the direction of the radii, and the pattern
will appear to develop itself from the centre =O=, and to be lost or
absorbed at the circumference of the luminous field. The objects that
move parallel to =X O= will have their centre of development, or their
centre of absorption, at the point in the lines =A O=, =B O=, _a_ =O=,
_b_ =O=, etc. where the direction in which the images move cuts these
lines. When the object passes across the field in a circle concentric
with =A B=, and in the direction =A B=, the images in all the sectors
formed by an even number of reflexions will move in the same direction
=A B=, namely, in the direction β _b_, _a_ α; while those that have
been formed by an odd number of reflexions will move in an opposite
direction, namely, in the directions _a_ =B=, =A= _b_. Hence, if the
object moves from =A= to =B=, the points of absorption will be in the
lines =B O=, α =O=, and _b_ =O=, and the points of development in the
lines =A O=, _a_ =O=, and β =O=, and _vice versa_, when the motion of
the object is from =B= to =A=.
If the object moves in an oblique direction _m n_, the images will move
in the directions _m t_, _o n_, _o p_, _q t_, _q p_, and _m_, _o_, _q_,
will be the centres of development, and _n_, _p_, _t_, the centres of
absorption; whereas, if the object moves from _n_ to _m_, these centres
will be interchanged. These results are susceptible of the simplest
demonstration, by supposing the object in one or two successive points
of its path _m n_, and considering that the image must be formed at
points similarly situated behind the mirrors; the line passing through
these points will be the path of the image, and the order in which the
images succeed each other will give the direction of their motion.
Hence, we may conclude in general,
1. That when the path of the object cuts both the mirrors =A O= and =B
O= like _m n_, the centre of absorption will be in the radius passing
through the section of the mirror to which the object moves, and in
every alternate radius; and that the centre of development will be in
the radius passing through the section of the mirror from which the
object moves, and in all the alternate radii: and,
2. That when the path of the object cuts any one of the mirrors and
the circumference of the circular field, the centre of absorption will
be in all the radii which separate the sectors, and the centre of
development in the circumference of the field, if the motion is towards
the mirror, but _vice versa_ if the motion is towards the circumference.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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