Adams, H. C. “Relation of Modern Municipalities to Quasi-Public Works.” Publications of the American Economic Association, vol. 2, 1888. Allen, Walter S. “The State and the Lighting Corporations.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, March, 1892, vol. 2, pp. 131-9. Baker, C. W. “Monopolies and the People.” New York, 1889. Chapter 5. Baker, M. M. “The Manual of American Water Works.” Engineering News Co., N. Y. This trade annual gives for each city date when water works were built; the source and mode of supply; cost, debt, and rate of interest; annual expense and revenue from consumers and the public; the number of miles of pipe and kind of pipe for mains and services; the number of taps, meters, and hydrants; the ordinary and fire pressure and daily consumption. The first works in the United States for public supply were built at Bethlehem, Pa., in 1754. New York was first supplied in 1799, and Philadelphia in 1801. Water in both cities was pumped by steam engines and distributed through bored wooden logs. Bemis, E. W. “Municipal Ownership of Gas Works in the United States.” Publications of the American Economic Association, vol. 6, 1891. Bemis, E. W. “Recent Results of Municipal Gas-Making.” Review of Reviews, Jan., 1893, vol. 7, pp. 61-8. Boston. “Report of Special Committee on Use of Streets by Private Corporations.” City Document 144, September 8, 1890. Consular Report. “Gas in Foreign Countries.” Washington, 1891. Other consular reports cited under “Foreign Cities.” Farrer, T. H. “The State in its Relation to Trade.” London, 1883. “English Citizen Series.” Chapter 10 gives a brief discussion of the action of the state in the matter of certain undertakings which are total or partial monopolies. Finley, Robert J. “Electric Street Lighting in American Cities. The question of municipal vs. private supply.” Review of Reviews, February, 1893, vol. 7, p. 68. Foote, Allen R. “Municipal Ownership of Industries” and “Municipal Ownership of Quasi-Public Works.” Washington, D. C., 1891. Two pamphlets against public ownership. Francisco, M. J. “Municipal Lighting.” Rutland, Vermont, 1890. Arguments against public ownership. Goodwin, W. W. “Directory of the Gas Light Companies.” N. Y., A. M. Callendar & Co. This trade annual gives the number of gas companies, number of public lamps, price of gas, method or manufacture, etc., in the cities of the United States.