The Kansas University Quarterly, Vol. I, No. 2, October 1892Various
History
The Kansas University Quarterly, Vol. I, No. 2, October 1892
Various
Natural history -- Periodicals; Science -- Periodicals
Since the polar conic of a point of inflection on a cubic consists of
the inflectional tangent and the harmonic polar of the point, and since
the polar conics of a fixed point with respect to a system of cubics
pass through four fixed points, it follows that in a system of cubics
having a common point of inflection and a common inflectional tangent
the harmonic polars of the common point of inflection meet in a point.
Since the common inflectional tangent is the common polar line of the
common point of inflection, it follows that such a point is a critic
centre of the system of cubics. One cubic of the system then has a
node at the common point of inflection of the system, and forms an
exception. The line which is the common inflectional tangent to the
other cubics of the system cuts this also in three points, but is one
of the tangents at the double point; the other tangent at the double
point goes through the vertex of the pencil of harmonic polars.
It is evident that the nine basal points of a system of conics may
unite into three groups of three each. The cubics will then all have
three common points of inflection, and at these points three common
inflectional tangents. These three points all lie on a line.
When four basal points of the system of cubics coincide, such a point
is a double point on every cubic of the system. This is easily shown
as follows, using the method of inversion. Let a system of conics
through four points be inverted from one of the four points. The system
of conics inverts into a system of cubics, having a common node and
passing through three other finite fixed points and the two circular
points at infinity. Since the common node counts as four points of
intersection, it follows that any two cubics of the system, and hence
all of them, intersect in nine points. This system can be projected
into a system having a common double point and passing through any five
other fixed points.
A number of theorems concerning the system of cubics can easily be
inferred from known theorems concerning the system of conics. Since two
conics of the system are parabolas, it follows that two cubics of the
system are cuspidal. Since three conics of the system break up into
pairs of right lines, it follows that three cubics of the system break
up into a right line and a conic. Each right line and its corresponding
conic intersect in the common double point. The line at infinity cuts
the system of conics in pairs of points in involution, the points of
contact of the two parabolas of the system being the foci; it follows
on inversion that the pairs of tangents to the cubics at their common
node form a pencil in involution, the two cuspidal tangents being the
foci.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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