The Kashf al-mahjúb: The oldest Persian treatise on SúfiismHujviri, ‘Ali ibn ‘Usman
Islamic
The Kashf al-mahjúb: The oldest Persian treatise on Súfiism
Hujviri, ‘Ali ibn ‘Usman
Sufism -- Early works to 1800
Unification is of three kinds: (1) God’s unification of God, i.e. His
knowledge of His unity; (2) God’s unification of His creatures, i.e. His
decree that a man shall pronounce Him to be one, and the creation of
unification in his heart; (3) men’s unification of God, i.e. their
knowledge of the unity of God. Therefore, when a man knows God he can
declare His unity and pronounce that He is one, incapable of union and
separation, not admitting duality; that His unity is not a number so as
to be made two by the predication of another number; that He is not
finite so as to have six directions; that He has no space, and that He
is not in space, so as to require the predication of space; that He is
not an accident, so as to need a substance, nor a substance, which
cannot exist without another like itself, nor a natural constitution
(_ṭab`í_), in which motion and rest originate, nor a spirit so as to
need a frame, nor a body so as to be composed of limbs; and that He does
not become immanent (_ḥáll_) in things, for then He must be homogeneous
with them; and that He is not joined to anything, for then that thing
must be a part of Him; and that He is free from all imperfections and
exalted above all defects; and that He has no like, so that He and His
creature should make two; and that He has no child whose begetting would
necessarily cause Him to be a stock (_aṣl_); and that His essence and
attributes are unchangeable; and that He is endowed with those
attributes of perfection which believers and Unitarians affirm, and
which He has described Himself as possessing; and that He is exempt from
those attributes which heretics arbitrarily impute to Him; and that He
is Living, Knowing, Forgiving, Merciful, Willing, Powerful, Hearing,
Seeing, Speaking, and Subsistent; and that His knowledge is not a state
(_ḥál_) in Him, nor His power solidly planted (_ṣalábat_) in Him, nor
His hearing and sight detached (_mutajarrid_) in Him, nor His speech
divided in Him; and that He together with His attributes exists from
eternity; and that objects of cognition are not outside of His
knowledge, and that entities are entirely dependent on His will; and
that He does that which He has willed, and wills that which He has
known, and no creature has cognisance thereof; and that His decree is an
absolute fact, and that His friends have no resource except resignation;
and that He is the sole predestinator of good and evil, and the only
being that is worthy of hope or fear; and that He creates all benefit
and injury; and that He alone gives judgment, and His judgment is all
wisdom; and that no one has any possibility of attaining unto Him; and
that the inhabitants of Paradise shall behold Him; and that assimilation
(_tashbíh_) is inadmissible; and that such terms as “confronting” and
“seeing face to face” (_muqábalat ú muwájahat_) cannot be applied to His
being; and that His saints may enjoy the contemplation (_musháhadat_) of
Him in this world.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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