The King's Mirror (Speculum regale-Konungs skuggsjá) — John Shaqi
The King's Mirror (Speculum regale-Konungs skuggsjá)
Philosophy
The King's Mirror (Speculum regale-Konungs skuggsjá)
Education of princes; Encyclopedias and dictionaries -- Early works to 1600; Scandinavia -- Civilization
_Ibid._, 1896, 192-196; see also pp. 179 ff. Daae believes that Master
William must have held a position at court corresponding to the office
of chancellor; he also conjectures that he was the tutor of the king’s
sons. Master William is mentioned in the _Hákonar Saga_, cc. 210, 228.
More recently A. V. Heffermehl has made an attempt to prove that the
author so long sought for was Ivar Bodde, a Norwegian priest, who seems
to have played an important part in the history of Norway in the first
half of the thirteenth century as an influential member of the
anti-clerical party.[127] Much is not known of Ivar Bodde, and nearly
all that we do know comes from a speech which he is reported to have
delivered in his own defence in 1217.[128] He entered King Sverre’s
service “before the fight was at Strindsea,” which was fought in the
summer of 1199. This was also the year in which King Sverre seems to
have issued his famous _Address_. “I had good cheer from the king while
he lived, and I served him so that at last I knew almost all his secret
matters.” In King Inge’s reign (1204-1217) he served in the capacity of
chancellor: “and that besides, which was much against my wish, they
relied on me for writing letters.” During the same reign he also served
as Prince Hakon’s foster father, and was consequently responsible for
the education of the great king.[129] Ivar was also skilled in military
arts: he was a warrior as well as a priest.[130] He was apparently twice
sent to England on diplomatic errands, first to the court of King John,
later to that of Henry III.[131] He withdrew from the court in 1217. In
1223 he reappears as one of the king’s chief counsellors. After this
year nothing is known of Ivar Bodde.
Footnote 127:
_Historiske Skrifter tilegnede Ludvig Daae_, 79-104 (“Presten Ivar
Bodde”). Ivar is one of the characters in Ibsen’s _Pretenders_.
Footnote 128:
_Hákonar Saga_, c. 21.
Footnote 129:
_Historiske Skrifter tilegnede Ludvig Daae_, 88-89 (Heffermehl);
_Hákonar Saga_, c. 20.
Footnote 130:
_Historiske Skrifter tilegnede Ludvig Daae_, 80.
Footnote 131:
_Ibid._, 81, 85.
The author of the _King’s Mirror_ was a professional churchman who
belonged to the anti-clerical faction; he was a master of the literary
art. Ivar Bodde was a man of this type; nothing is known of his literary
abilities, but it is clear that a man who was entrusted with the king’s
correspondence can not have been without literary skill. There seems to
be no reason why Ivar Bodde could not have written the _King’s Mirror_,
and he may also have had a hand in the preparation of Sverre’s
_Address_; but that he actually did write either or both of these
important works has not yet been proved; there may have been other
priests in Norway in the thirteenth century who stood for the divine
right of Norwegian kingship.
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