[Illustration: _The White House_ ] THE LADIES OF THE WHITE HOUSE; OR, IN THE HOME OF THE PRESIDENTS. _Being a Complete History of the Social and Domestic Lives of the Presidents from Washington to the Present Time—1789–1881._ BY LAURA C. HOLLOWAY. _WITH NUMEROUS ENGRAVINGS ON STEEL AND WOOD._ CINCINNATI: FORSHEE & McMAKIN, 188 & 190 WEST FIFTH STREET. 1881. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1881, by LAURA C. HOLLOWAY, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. FERGUSON BROS. & CO., PRINTERS AND ELECTROTYPERS. PHILADELPHIA. PREFACE. The Ladies of the White House have had no biographers. The custom of the Republic, which relegates back to private life those who have served it, has made it difficult to gather much of stirring interest concerning the women who have made the social history of the different administrations. From privacy they came, to privacy they were returned, and the world took little cognizance of them beyond noting the entertainments they gave, and the success that attended their dinners and receptions. In the historical works of the age—even in the biographies of the Presidents themselves—not much has been said of women, who, for the most part, were powerful adjuncts to their popularity, and exerted great influence over their lives. The most that has been written of them heretofore were descriptions in the daily papers of the appearance of the lady of the White House on some public occasion, and with this the world has been content until now. We have had a hundred years of domestic honor in the White House—a hundred years which has added much to the glory of the country abroad, and it is but fitting that women, who have held the highest social and semi-official position in the nation, should be made historic subjects. No better time than the present could be found for filling this serious gap in general American history. The moral influence that has been exerted by the untarnished reputations and high social qualities of the women who have successively filled the position of Hostess of the Presidents’ House, cannot be estimated. Without the effective and intelligent aid they rendered, no administration would have been satisfactory; and though the political historian may ignore such service, the right-thinking, honorable men or women of this country have a higher appreciation of the services rendered by these ladies, who were the power behind the throne, equal in social influence to the throne itself, and a historical work bearing