assistance and “commenced constructing boats to go to the crannog, but the sons of Bryan, who were then in the crannog, came to the resolution of delivering it up.” In 1500 Hugh Roe O’Donnell “burned the crannog of Loch-Laighaire;” whilst in 1509 there is a notice of a fight between two septs of the O’Neills on the shores of the lake. In 1025, it is stated in the _Annals of Loch Cé_, that a predatory expedition was made by the inhabitants of Fermanagh, on which occasion they burned the crannog on _Loch-n-Uaithne_ (Lough Ooney), “and slew seventeen men on the margin of the lake.” Lough Ooney lies in the county Monaghan, in the barony of Dartry, the chiefs of which territory had their principal residence on this lake, whence they were sometimes designated “Lords of Loch-n-Uaithne.” In the enumeration of various kinds of fortresses repaired by Brian Borumha, crannogs are included, as recorded in a well-known Irish ms. entitled “The Wars of the Gaedhiel with the Gaill.” In it mention is made of four crannogs, one being near Knockany, county Limerick, and situated in _Lough Cend_, now drained; also the celebrated crannog in _Lough Gur_, in the same county. The site of the crannog of _Loch Saiglend_ has not been identified;[178] the site of _Inis-an-ghaill-duibh_ (_i. e._ the island of the black foreigner or Dane,[179]) is unknown, or at least uncertain; however, in the Dublin copy of the _Annals of Innisfallen_, under date 1016, it is stated to have been situated in the river Shannon. We learn that in some of his numerous conflicts with the Danes, Brian Borumha pillaged various _islands_ in the Shannon, where the invaders had placed their women and children for safety, as well as their treasure, as “there was much gold and other wealth in these islands and fortifications.” In 990 a violent tempest “sunk the island of _Lough Cimbe_ (now Lough Hackett) suddenly, _dreach_ and rampart, _i. e._ thirty feet;” this crannog was afterwards rebuilt by Brian Borumha.