Plate VIII. and figures 18, 27, 57, 129, 188, 196, 197, and 216 were granted by the Council of the Royal Archæological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland; figures 206 and 207 by the Society of Antiquaries of London, together with plate III. taken from _The Archæologia_; figures 6, 7, and 8, by the Anthropological Society; figures 214 and 215 by the well-known antiquary, John Evans; plate XXXVIII., by W. T. Lockwood; and by permission of Robert Mac Adam figures 126, 147, and 148, are reproduced from the _Ulster Journal of Archæology_. As far as practicable, every hitherto published illustration bearing on the subject was applied for, and, with but one exception, most kindly granted. Much valuable information was furnished by W. F. Wakeman, who has also drawn most of the illustrations, their character and expression being well carried out by the engraver, William Oldham. CLEVERAGH, SLIGO, _October, 1885_. CONTENTS. PART I. ORIGIN, CONSTRUCTION, AND CIVILIZATION OF THE ANCIENT LACUSTRINE HABITATIONS OF IRELAND, AS ILLUSTRATED BY THEIR REMAINS AND THE ANTIQUITIES FOUND IN OR AROUND THEM. PAGE INTRODUCTORY, 1-23 Wooded nature of the country. Wild animals. Climatic changes. Lakes. Lake-dwellings of all countries. LAKE-DWELLINGS OF IRELAND, 23-55 Crannog, derivation of the word; a common townland name. Submarine crannog. Favourite sites for crannogs; mode of construction. Stone lake-dwellings. Theory of crannogs being only temporary refuges untenable. Palisades. Dwellings. Gangways to crannogs. Canoes. Paddles. Anchors. Curach. Ingenuity of lake-dwellers. Clothing, &c. STONE, BRONZE, AND IRON AGES, 55-73 Weapons and tools. Armour. Stone moulds. FOOD AND VEGETABLE REMAINS, 73-81 Hammer-stones. Mammalia. Butter. Yokes. Piscatory implements. HOUSEHOLD ECONOMY, &C., 81-105 Grain-rubbers. Querns. Human remains. Fireplaces on the shore. Pottery. Wooden vessels. Drinking cups. Wooden mallets. “Whorls.” Colouring-matter. Spinning. ARTICLES OF THE TOILET OR OF PERSONAL ADORNMENT, 105-125 Pins of iron, bronze, bone, and wood, &c. Iron shears and knives. Combs of bone and wood. Bronze tweezers. Stone and bronze ornaments: brooches, penannular rings, circlets, &c. Touchstones. Crucibles. Ornaments of gold and silver. Rings of stone, jet, and glass. Beads of stone, bone, jet, lead, earthenware, wood, and glass. MUSIC, 125-128 Harps and harp pins, trumpets, &c.