Condition of the United States at the Close of the Revolution--New England Injured and New York Benefited Commercially by the Struggle-- Luxury of City Life--Americans an Agricultural People--The Farmer's Home--Difficulty of Traveling--Contrast Between North and South-- Southern Aristocracy--Northern Great Families--White Servitude--The Western Frontier--Early Settlers West of the Mountains--A Hardy Population--Disappearance of the Colonial French--The Ordinance of 1787--Flood of Emigration Beyond the Ohio, 167 CHAPTER XXI. The Spirit of Disunion--Shays' Rebellion--A National Government Necessary--Adoption of the Constitution--Tariff and Internal Revenue--The Whiskey Insurrection--President Washington Calls Out the Military--Insurgents Surrender--"The Dreadful Night"--Hamilton's Inquisition, 174 INDEPENDENCE VINDICATED. CHAPTER XXII. Arrogance of France--Americans and Louis XVI.--Genet Defies Washington --The People Support the President--War With the Indians--Defeat of St. Clair--Indians State Their Case--General Wayne Defeats the Savages-- Jay's Treaty--Retirement of Washington--His Character--His Military Genius--Washington as a Statesman--His Views on Slavery--His Figure in History, 180 CHAPTER XXIII. John Adams President--Jefferson and the French Revolution--The French Directory--Money Demanded From America--"Millions for Defence; Not One Penny for Tribute"--Naval Warfare with France--Capture of The Insurgent --Defeat of The Vengeance--Peace With France--Death of Washington-- Alien and Sedition Laws--Jefferson President--The Louisiana Purchase-- Burr's Alleged Treason--War with the Barbary States--England Behind the Pirates--Heroic Naval Exploits--Carrying War Into Africa--Peace With Honor, 191 CHAPTER XXIV. French Decrees and British Orders in Council--Damage to American Commerce--The Embargo--Causes of the War of 1812--The Chesapeake and The Leopard--President and Little Belt--War Declared--Mr. Astor's Messenger --The Two Navies Compared--American Frigate Victories--Constitution and Guerriere--United States and Macedonian--Constitution and Java-- American Sloop Victories--The Shannon and Chesapeake--"Don't Give Up the Ship!" 200 CHAPTER XXV.