ADOLF ERIK NORDENSKIÖLD 332 EAST COAST OF GREENLAND. (Based on map in Mikkelsen, _Lost in the Arctic_) 366 GREENLAND 377 ORTELIUS’ MAP OF THE WORLD 391 GRAHAM LAND AND SOUTH SHETLANDS 399 MT EREBUS FROM THE SOUTH. (From Scott’s _Voyage of the Discovery_) 416 ADÉLIE PENGUINS (From Scott’s _Voyage_ _of the Discovery_) 456 EMPEROR PENGUIN WITH CHICK (From Scott’s _Voyage_ _of the Discovery_) 456 CHASM SEPARATING ICE AND LAND IN LAT. 82° S. (From Scott’s _Voyage of the Discovery_) 463 THE _MORNING_. (From Scott’s _Voyage of the Discovery_) 466 TYPICAL LOOSE PACK--MT MELBOURNE IN DISTANCE. (From Scott’s _Voyage of the Discovery_) 480 A TILTED BERG, SHOWING THE OLD SURFACE INCLINED TO THE LEFT (From Scott’s _Voyage_ _of the Discovery_) 492 TYPICAL BERGS--_TERRA NOVA_ IN DISTANCE (From Scott’s _Voyage_ _of the Discovery_) 492 EMPEROR PENGUIN ROOKERY, CAPE CROZIER. (From Scott’s _Voyage of the Discovery_) 497 BARRIER BERG AGROUND OFF KING EDWARD VII LAND. (From Scott’s _Voyage of the Discovery_) 507 Acknowledgement is due to Messrs Smith, Elder & Co. and Mr John Murray for permission to reproduce the illustrations from Scott’s _Voyage of the Discovery_, to Mr John Murray for permission to reproduce the facsimile of the Franklin Expedition Record; also to Mr William Heinemann for leave to use the map in Mikkelsen’s _Lost in the Arctic_, to Messrs T. C. & E. C. Jack for the block from Synge’s _A Book of Discovery_, and to the Hakluyt Society for the portrait of Thomas James. ERRATUM p. 100, line 4 from bottom: _for_ Sunrise _read_ Sunshine PART I CHAPTER I THE ARCTIC REGIONS