The Last American FrontierPaxson, Frederic L. (Frederic Logan)
History
The Last American Frontier
Paxson, Frederic L. (Frederic Logan)
Frontier and pioneer life -- West (U.S.); West (U.S.) -- History
"So far as making a treaty now is concerned," continued Governor
Evans, "we are in no condition to do it.... You, so far, have had the
advantage; but the time is near at hand when the plains will swarm with
United States soldiers. I have learned that you understand that as the
whites are at war among themselves, you think you can now drive the
whites from this country; but this reliance is false. The Great Father
at Washington has men enough to drive all the Indians off the plains,
and whip the rebels at the same time. Now the war with the whites is
nearly through, and the Great Father will not know what to do with all
his soldiers, except to send them after the Indians on the plains. My
proposition to the friendly Indians has gone out; [I] shall be glad
to have them all come in under it. I have no new proposition to make.
Another reason that I am not in a condition to make a treaty is that
war is begun, and the power to make a treaty of peace has passed to
the great war chief." He further counselled them to make terms with
the military authorities before they could hope to talk of peace.
No prospect of an immediate treaty was given to the chiefs. Evans
disclaimed further powers, and Colonel Chivington closed the council,
saying: "I am not a big war chief, but all the soldiers in this
country are at my command. My rule of fighting white men or Indians
is to fight them until they lay down their arms and submit." The same
evening came a despatch from Major-general Curtis, at Fort Leavenworth,
confirming the non-committal attitude of Evans and Chivington: "I want
no peace till the Indians suffer more.... I fear Agent of the Interior
Department will be ready to make presents too soon.... No peace must be
made without my directions."
The chiefs were escorted home without their peace or any promise of it,
Governor Evans believing that the great body of the tribes was still
hostile, and that a decisive winter campaign was needed to destroy
their lingering notion that the whites might be driven from the plains.
Black Kettle had been advised at the council to surrender to the
soldiers, Major Wynkoop at Fort Lyon being mentioned as most available.
Many of his tribe acted on the suggestion, so that on October 20 Agent
Colley, their constant friend, reported that "nearly all the Arapahoes
are now encamped near this place and desire to remain friendly, and
make reparation for the damages committed by them."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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