The Last American FrontierPaxson, Frederic L. (Frederic Logan)
History
The Last American Frontier
Paxson, Frederic L. (Frederic Logan)
Frontier and pioneer life -- West (U.S.); West (U.S.) -- History
The Indians unquestionably were ready to make peace after their fashion
and according to their ability. There is no evidence that they were
reconciled to their defeat, but long experience had accustomed them
to fighting in the summer and drawing rations as peaceful in the
winter. The young men, in part, were still upon the war-path, but the
tribes and the head chiefs were anxious to go upon a winter basis.
Their interpreter who had attended the conference swore that they left
Denver, "perfectly contented, deeming that the matter was settled,"
that upon their return to Fort Lyon, Major Wynkoop gave them permission
to bring their families in under the fort where he could watch them
better; and that "accordingly the chiefs went after their families and
villages and brought them in, ... satisfied that they were in perfect
security and safety."
While the Indians gathered around the fort, Major Wynkoop sent to
General Curtis for advice and orders respecting them. Before the
orders arrived, however, he was relieved from command and Major Scott
J. Anthony, of the First Colorado Cavalry, was detailed in his place.
After holding a conference with the Indians and Anthony, in which the
latter renewed the permission for the bands to camp near the fort, he
left Fort Lyons on November 26. Anthony meanwhile had become convinced
that he was exceeding his authority. First he disarmed the savages,
receiving only a few old and worn-out weapons. Then he returned these
and ordered the Indians away from Fort Lyons. They moved forty miles
away and encamped on Sand Creek.
The Colorado authorities had no idea of calling it a peace. Governor
Evans had scolded Wynkoop for bringing the chiefs in to Denver. He had
received special permission and had raised a hundred-day regiment for
an Indian campaign. If he should now make peace, Washington would think
he had misrepresented the situation and put the government to needless
expense. "What shall I do with the third regiment, if I make peace?" he
demanded of Wynkoop. They were "raised to kill Indians, and they must
kill Indians."
Acting on the supposition that the war was still on, Colonel Chivington
led the Third Colorado, and a part of the First Colorado Cavalry, from
900 to 1000 strong, to Fort Lyons in November, arriving two days
after Wynkoop departed. He picketed the fort, to prevent the news of
his arrival from getting out, and conferred on the situation with
Major Anthony, who, swore Major Downing, wished he would attack the
Sand Creek camp and would have done so himself had he possessed troops
enough. Three days before, Anthony had given a present to Black Kettle
out of his own pocket. As the result of the council of war, Chivington
started from Fort Lyon at nine o'clock, on the night of the 28th.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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