mistaken policy of treaties, 348-349; census of, in 1880, 351; agricultural fairs for, 352-353; individual ownership of land by, 354-357; effect of allotment of lands among, on Indian reserves, 356-357; end of Monroe's policy, 357; last struggles of the Sioux, Nez Percés, and Apaches, 361-371. Inkpaduta's massacre, 51. Inman, Colonel Henry, quoted, 285. Iowa, Indian lands out of which formed, 26; territory of, organized, 45. Iowa Indians, 127. Jackson, Helen Hunt, work by, 344. Jefferson, early name of state of Colorado, 147, 149, 151, 153, 155. Johnston, Albert Sidney, commands army against Mormons, 102; escapes to the South, on opening of the Civil War, 226-227. Jones and Russell, firm of, 181. Judah, Theodore D., 219, 220, 326. Julesburg, station on overland mail route, 182, 331. Kanesville, Iowa, founding of, 95. Kansa Indians, 19, 20, 24. Kansas, reasons for settlement of, 124-125; creation of territory of, 129; the slavery struggle in, 129-131; squatters on Indian lands in, 131-132; further contests between abolition and pro-slave parties, 132-136; admission to the union in 1861, 136; boundaries of, 138; during the Civil War, 230-233. Kansas-Nebraska bill, 128-129. Kansas Pacific Railway, 340. Kaskaskia Indians, 30, 127. Kaw Indians. _See_ Kansa Indians. Kearny, Stephen W., 65-66, 78. Kendall, Superintendent of Indian department, quoted, 165. Keokuk, Indian chief, 25. Kickapoo Indians, 24, 127. Kiowa Indians, 252, 253, 263, 267, 268, 292, 306. Kirtland, Ohio, temporary headquarters of Mormons, 88. Labor question in railway construction, 326-327. Lake-to-Gulf railway scheme, 217. Land, allotment of, to Indians as individuals, 354-357. Land grants in aid of railways, 215-218, 222, 325, 329, 336, 375. Land titles, pioneers' difficulties over, 46-47. Larimer, William, 147, 152. Last Chance Gulch, Idaho, mining district, 169. Lawrence, Amos A., 130. Lawrence, Kansas, settlement of, 130-131; visit of Missouri mob to, 134; Quantrill's raid on, 232. Lead mines about Dubuque, 34-35. Leavenworth, J. H., Indian agent, 306, 308-309. Leavenworth and Pike's Peak Express Company, 181. Leavenworth constitution, 135-136. Lecompton constitution, 135-136. Lewiston, Washington, founding of, 164. Linn, Senator, 72-73. Liquor question in Oregon, 81-82. Little Big Horn, battle of the, 362. Little Blue Water, defeat of Brulé Sioux at, 266. Little Crow, Sioux chief, 235-239. Little Raven, Indian chief, 306. Long, Major Stephen H., 11. McClellan, George B., survey for Pacific railway by, 199. Madison, Wisconsin, development of, 44, 45. Mails, carriage of, to frontier points, 174 ff. Manypenny, George W., 126, 266. Marsh, O. C., bad treatment of Indians revealed by, 360-361. Marshall, James W., 108-109.