St. Charles settlement, Colorado, 142; merged into Denver, 146. St. Paul, Sioux Indian reserve at, 19; early fort near site of, 33-34; first settlement at, 49. Saline River raid by Indians, 313, 314. Salt Lake, Frémont's visit to, 74; settlement of Mormons at, 96; population of, in 1850, 117-118. Sand Creek, massacre of Cheyenne Indians at, 260-261. Sans Arcs Indians, 264. Santa Fé, trade with, 53-69. Santa Fé trail, Indians along the, 20; beginnings of the (1822), 56-58; course of the, 64-65. Satanta, Kiowa Indian chief, 306. Sauk Indians, 21, 25, 26, 127. Saxton, Lieutenant, 199, 201. Scandals, railway-building, 335. Scar-faced Charley, Modoc Indian leader, 367. Schofield, General John M., 232. Schools for Indians, 351-352. Schurz, Carl, policy of, toward Indians, 350. Seminole Indians, 28-29. Seneca Indians, 29. Shannon, Wilson, governor of Kansas, 133, 134. Shawnee Indians, 23-24, 127. Sheridan, General, in command against Indians, 310-323; quoted, 384-385. Sherman, John, quoted on Indian matters, 285, 289. Sherman, W. T., quoted, 143-144, 298; instructions issued to Sheridan by, in Indian war of 1868, 316. Shoshoni Indians, 123-124, 295. Sibley, General H. H., 228, 237-238, 362. Silver mining, 157 ff. Sioux Indians, treaty of 1825 affecting the, 21; location of, in 1837, 27; surrender of lands in Minnesota by, 49; treaties of 1851 with, 123-124; war with, in Minnesota, in 1862, 234 ff.; trial and punishment of, for Minnesota outrages, 239-240; bands composing the plains Sioux, 264-265; war with the plains Sioux in 1866, 264-283; lands assigned to, by Fort Laramie treaty of 1868, 294; sources of irritation between white settlers and, in 1870, 359; disturbance of, by discovery of gold in the Black Hills, 359, 361; war with, in 1876, 362-363; crushing of, by United States forces, 363. Sitting Bull, 361; career of, as leader of insurgent Sioux, 362-363; settles in Canada, 363; returns to United States, 369; death of, 370. Slade, Jack, 182. Slavery question, in territories, 128 ff.; bearing of, on transcontinental railway question, 211-214. Slough, Colonel John P., 229-230. Smith, Joseph, 87, 90-93. Smohalla, medicine-man, 365. Sod breaking, Iowa, 46. Solomon River raid, 313, 314. Southern Pacific Railway, 375-376, 379, 381. South Pass, the gateway to Oregon, 70. Southport, founding of, 44. Spirit Lake massacre, 51. Stanford, Leland, 220, 336. Stansbury, Lieutenant, survey by, 112, 113, 203; quoted, 114-115. Steamboats as factors in emigration, 40-41, 49. Steele, Robert W., governor of Jefferson Territory (Colorado), 150, 152, 153, 155. Stevens, Isaac I., 197-203. Stuart, Granville and James, 168. Subsidies to railways, 222, 325, 329, 375. _See_ Land grants.