The supreme director of an order is called the _Khalifa_ or “lieutenant,” and who has _Mokaddem_ or “vicars” in each town. The _Khalifa_ transmits his orders to his subordinates, who furnish him in return with details concerning all political events which may occur in their different jurisdictions. The seat of the order in any particular locality is called a _Zaouia_, which seems to be at once a chapel, a school, a place of refuge, an hospital, a library, and a political debating club. The brethren are charged with the task of preserving a complete record of contemporaneous events. The ceremony of initiation in a confraternity is termed “taking the rose.” On two strangers meeting, one often asks the other, “What rose do you wear?” If the person to whom the query is addressed belongs to a brotherhood, he answers, “I wear the rose of Sidi So-and-so;” if not, he merely replies, “I wear no rose, but I am the servant of God and pray to Him with devotion.” I am unable to pursue further an examination of the nature of the Moslem orders, the influence of which it is impossible to underrate. As I shall show hereafter, two of them at least have played already a considerable part in the opposition offered to the French advance eastwards, and it cannot be doubted that they are destined to a very great extent to promote the cause of a Moslem union against Christian aggression. The Kabyles, or indigenous Berbers, unlike the Arabs, are not nomadic. They are not numerically important as far as Tunis is concerned, and are almost exclusively confined to the mountainous districts of Kef and Bizerta. Most of the masons, porters, gardeners, and manual labourers in the city of Tunis are Kabyles or Djebelia. They differ somewhat in appearance from the Arabs, and are perhaps not quite as hospitable. They hold, however, in great veneration the _anaya_ or safe-conduct given by their chiefs, and have never been known to violate it. They live for the most part in stone huts covered with thatch. The number of Turks in Tunis is inconsiderable, and so is that of the Koulouglis or descendants of Turkish fathers and Moorish mothers. The Jewish population in the Regency of Tunis exceeds 60,000, of which about half reside in the capital. They are quite as powerful now as they were once oppressed and maltreated. Some of their ancestors arrived in Tunis soon after the destruction of Jerusalem by Titus; a second immigration took place in the time of the Emperor Adrian, and a third was contemporaneous with the Spanish persecutions of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Their complete emancipation only dates from the reign of the present Bey. During the time of his predecessor, the English and French fleets came to Goletta, owing to Muhamed Bey sanctioning the execution of an Israelite on a charge of blasphemy. At the present moment the commerce of the country is almost entirely in their hands.