[Frontispiece: The Summit of Mount Everest. (_By permission of the Mount Everest Committee._)] THE LAST SECRETS The Final Mysteries of Exploration By JOHN BUCHAN THOMAS NELSON AND SONS, LTD. LONDON, EDINBURGH, AND NEW YORK _First Impression, September 1923_ PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN AT THE PRESS OF THE PUBLISHERS TO THE MEMORY OF BRIG.-GEN. CECIL RAWLING, C.M.G., C.I.E. WHO FELL AT THE THIRD BATTLE OF YPRES AN INTREPID EXPLORER A GALLANT SOLDIER AND THE BEST OF FRIENDS PREFACE The first two decades of the twentieth century will rank as a most distinguished era in the history of exploration, for during them many of the great geographical riddles of the world have been solved. This book contains a record of some of the main achievements. What Nansen said of Polar exploration is true of all exploration; its story is a "mighty manifestation of the power of the Unknown over the mind of man." The Unknown, happily, will be always with us, for there are infinite secrets in a blade of grass, and an eddy of wind, and a grain of dust, and human knowledge will never attain that finality when the sense of wonder shall cease. But to the ordinary man there is an appeal in large, bold, and obvious conundrums, which is lacking in the _minutiæ_ of research. Thousands of square miles of the globe still await surveying and mapping, but most of the exploration of the future will be the elucidation of details. The main lines of the earth's architecture have been determined, and the task is now one of amplifying our knowledge of the groyning and buttresses and stone-work. There are no more unvisited forbidden cities, or unapproached high mountains, or unrecorded great rivers. "The world is disenchanted; oversoon Must Europe send her spies through all the land." It is in a high degree improbable that many geographical problems remain, the solving of which will come upon the mind with the overwhelming romance of the unveilings we have been privileged to witness. The explorer's will still be a noble trade, but it will be a filling up of gaps in a framework of knowledge which we already possess. The morning freshness has gone out of the business, and we are left with the plodding duties of the afternoon.