[141] Ordronaux’s Jur. of Med., sec. 68. [142] _Potter_ v. _Warner_, 91 Pa. St. 362; 36 Am. Rep. 668. [143] _Bowman_ v. _Woods_, 1 Greene (Iowa), 441; _Corsi_ v. _Maretzek_, 4 E. D. Smith, 1. [144] _Sutton_ v. _Tracy_, 1 Mich. 243. [145] _Mertz_ v. _Detweiler_, 8 W. & Serg. 376; _Seare_ v. _Prentice_, 8 East, 348; _Carpenter_ v. _Blake_, 60 Barb. 518. [146] _Hunter_ v. _Blount_, 27 Ga. 76; _Leighton_ v. _Sargent_, 7 Foster, N. H. 476. [147] Wharton on Negligence, sec. 29. [148] _Hood_ v. _Grimes_, 13 B. Monr. 188. [149] _Ruddock_ v. _Lowe_, 4 F. & F. 519; _R._ v. _Simpson_, 4 C. & P. 407, note. [150] Shearman & Redfield on Negligence, sec. 432; _Ritchey_ v. _West_, 3 Ill. 385; _Shiells_ v. _Blackburne_, 1 H. Bl. 159; _Wilson_ v. _Brett_, 11 M .2 & W. 113; _Pippin_ v. _Shepherd_, 11 Price, 400. [151] Wharton on Negligence, sec. 731 n. [152] Jur. of Med. sec. 27. [153] _R._ v. _Macleod_, 12 Cox. C. C. 534. [154] _Perionowsky_ v. _Freeman_, 4 F. & F. 977. [155] _Shiells_ v. _Blackburne_, 1 H. Bl. 159. [156] _Boynton_ v. _Somersworth_, 58 N. H. 321. [157] McClelland, Civil Malpractice; Wharton on Negligence, sec. 737; _Leighton_ v. _Sargent_, 7 Fost. 460; _McCandless_ v. _McWha_, 22 Pa. St. 261. [158] _Geiselman_ v. _Scott_, 25 Oh. St. 86. [159] _Parker_ v. _Adams_, 12 Metc. 417. [160] _Hibbard_ v. _Thompson_, 109 Mass. 286. [161] _Cleveland, etc., Rw._ v. _Terry_, 8 Oh. St. 570. [162] _Ch. & R. I. Rw._ v. _McKean_, 40 Ill. 218; _Eakin_ v. _Brown_, 1 E. D. Smith, 36. [163] _Clark_ v. _Kerwin_, 4 E. D. Smith, 21; _Parker_ v. _Adams_, 12 Mete 417. [164] _Kerwhaker_ v. _Cleveland, etc., Rw._ 3 Oh. 172; _Ind. and Cin. Rw._ v. _Caldwell_, 9 Ind. 397. [165] _Ch. etc., Rw._ v. _Goss_, 17 Wisc. 428. [166] Chapman, C.J., _Hibbard_ v. _Thompson_, 109 Mass. 288. [167] _Gramm_ v. _Boener_, 56 Ind. 497. [168] _Fisk_ v. _Wait_, 104 Mass. 71. [169] _People_ v. _N. Y. Hospital_, 3 Abb. N. C. 229. [170] _Chamberland_ v. _Morgan_, 68 Penn. St. 168. [171] _Wilmot_ v. _Howard_, 39 Vt. 447. [172] _Perionowsky_ v. _Freeman_, 4 F. & F. 977. [173] _Potter_ v. _Warner_, 91 Penn. St. 362. [174] _Slater_ v. _Baker_, 2 Wils. 359. [175] _Carpenter_ v. _Blake_, 60 Barb. 488. [176] _Hunter_ v. _Ogden_, 31 U. C. R. 132. [177] _Carpenter_ v. _Blake_, Sup. [178] _Ballon_ v. _Prescott_, 64 Me. 305. [179] Ordronaux, sec. 14; Shearman & Red., sec. 441. [180] _Longmeid_ v. _Holliday_, 6 Ex. 767. [181] _Pippin_ v. _Sheppard_, 11 Price, 400. [182] _Gladwell_ v. _Steggall_, 5 Bing. N. C. 733. [183] Wharton on Negligence, sec. 735. [184] _Craig_ v. _Chambers_, 17 Ohio St. 253. [185] _Fields_ v. _Rutherford_, 29 (Ont.) C. P. 113; _Metropolitan R. W. Co._ v. _Jackson_, L. R. 3 App. 193, 197. [186] _Fawcett_ v. _Mothersell_, 14 C. P. (Ont.) 104; _Jackson_ v. _Hyde_, 28 U. C. R. 295. [187] Ordronaux, sec. 54. [188] Ordronaux, sec. 86. [189] _Jones_ v. _Northmore_, 46 Vt. 587.