Law -- England; Poor -- England; Poor laws -- England; Working class -- England
Some time ago I made a careful examination of some 460 judgment summonses
taken consecutively. The figures were from the Manchester Court. I found
the following were the trades represented:--
Drapers 154
General dealers 130
Jewellers 60
Grocers 35
Moneylenders 24
Doctors 10
Tailors 5
Miscellaneous traders issuing less than four summonses 42
---
460
General dealers, it must be remembered, are traders in a large or small
way of business who will sell furniture, drapery, clothes, cutlery, or
anything you like, on the instalment system. Their methods of trading are
tally-men's methods.
If this list be looked at, it will be seen that the general public make
very little use of imprisonment for debt. The substantial shopkeeper and
ratepayer is scarcely represented at all, the grocers and a few of the big
general dealers being the only people who pay rates. Some of these general
dealers it should be remembered are limited companies having numerous
agents paid by high commissions and spending large sums in advertising.
Their prices are apparently low, but the quality of their goods leaves
much to be desired. Now what worries me is, why should the State keep
Courts going for men of this class? The only creditor in that list for
whom one can have the least sympathy is the doctor, and the National
Insurance Act has now put him on a cash basis, so that in a list taken
to-day he would not appear so often. It is clear from these figures that
at a cost to the general body of taxpayers you are encouraging a bad class
of parasite traders to choke the growth of thrift among the working
classes.
For unless you make it ruinous to the creditor for the credit to be given
you will never stop it. How can a man at work hinder credit being given
through the agency of the wife when the law permits it and caters for it
by providing the trader who lives by it with a special debt-collecting
machine without which this class of trader were impossible. I have known
cases where a working man's wife was dealing with nineteen different
Scotch drapers. What wages can satisfy such an orgy of drapery as that?
How often, too, do men and women buy watches to pawn them for drink or a
day at the races? What is this but an evil and ruinous form of
moneylending? And what makes these things possible among our poor people?
The law siding with the knave against the fool; the saving clause for the
imprisonment of poor debtors in the Act of 1869.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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