Law -- England; Poor -- England; Poor laws -- England; Working class -- England
Without making too much of my own small experience, it bears out my
theoretical expectation, and I am satisfied that a conciliatory court for
trade disputes is a live business proposition, calculated to save
employers much unnecessary woe, and that if Jeremiah had thought of it, he
would have proposed to set one up as a practical step towards the living
wage.
Until, then, we have established a living wage for the worker, the
question of his bankruptcy is in a large measure academic. At present
bankruptcy, like divorce, is rightly regarded as a luxury for the
well-to-do. I know that to some minds the word "bankruptcy" connotes
poverty, but if you look into the facts and history of the matter, you
will find that, though bankruptcy may on occasion lead to poverty, a poor
man never does, or can, become a bankrupt.
People fail to the tune of five or six million pounds a year, but when you
analyse the list of the insolvent you will not find many poor folk among
them. There are lords and gentlemen, solicitors and stockbrokers,
merchants and manufacturers, builders and farmers, and butchers, bakers,
and candlestick makers.
But the nearest you will find to poor people are lodging-house keepers and
coffee-house and fried fish shop proprietors. These are precarious trades,
and the working man, being a good sportsman, likes to have a gamble in
them with his savings. In this way he joins the aristocracy, and becomes
an eligible bankrupt. But the labourer and artisan, the real working men,
have no more chance of bankruptcy than they have of election to the
Athenaeum or the Carlton.
Bankruptcy is a legal status jealously guarded by the caste to which it
belongs. The poor man reads in the paper of builders and merchants failing
for their thousands, of well-paid accountants carefully investigating the
history of their financial fall; he puts his head into the Registrar's
Court and hears an amiable official receiver sympathetically tracing the
career of the well-groomed bankrupt in front of him; he sees the judge
present the unhappy fellow with a clean slate, from which all his debts
are wiped away, and hears him announce to the unfortunate insolvent the
date upon which the law will allow him to start becoming insolvent again.
And the working man thinks to himself of the twenty or thirty pounds that
he owes, and how pleasant it would be if an accountant would add it up and
a judge tell him that he need not worry any more about it; but when he
begins to inquire further into the subject he finds that bankruptcy is one
of the good things of this world that he cannot afford.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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