The prefix _to-_ is employed in _both_ senses, as explained in the same Glossary, s.v. _To-_. In _to-brised_, _to-deyle_, &c., it is equivalent to the German _zer-_ and Mœso-Gothic _dis-_; of its _other_ and _rarer_ use, wherein it answers to the German _zu-_ and Mœso-Gothic _du-_, there is but _one_ instance, viz. in the word _to-yede_, 765, which signifies _went to_; cf. Germ. _zugehen_, to go to, _zugang_ (A.S. _to-gang_), access, approach. There are some curious instances of a peculiar syntax, whereby the infinitive mood active partakes of a passive signification, as in _he made him kesten, and in feteres festen_, he caused him to be cast in prison (_or perhaps_, overthrown), and to be fastened in fetters; l. 81. But it is probable that this is to be explained by considering it as a phrase in which we should _now_ supply the word _men_, and that we may interpret it by “he caused [men] to cast him in prison, and to fasten him with fetters;” for in ll. 1784, 1785, the phrase is repeated in a less ambiguous form. See also l. 86. So also, in ll. 2611, 2612, I consider _keste_, _late_, _sette_, to be in the infinitive mood. Such a construction is at once understood by comparing it with the German _er liess ihn binden_, he caused him to be bound. In l. 2352, appears the most unusual form _ilker_, which is literally _of each_, and hence, _apiece_; cf. _unker_, which also is a genitive plural. It will be observed that the verb following is in the plural, the real nominative to it being _þei þre_. In l. 2404, the expression _þat þer þrette_, “that there threat,” recalls a colloquialism which is still common. The word _þrie_, 730, is, apparently, the O.E. adverb _thrie_, thrice; _liues_, 509, is an adverb ending in _-es_, originally a genitive case. _Þus-gate_ is, according to Mr Morris, unknown to the Southern dialect; it occurs in ll. 785, 2419, 2586. I may add that Havelok contains as many as five expressions, which seem to refer to _proverbs_ current at the time of writing it. See ll. 307, 648, 1338, 1352, 2461. [Footnote 33: “Cf. K. Horn, 1005, where _haue_ rhymes with plawe.” --M. Mr A. J. Ellis would consider _slawen_, _knaue_, &c., as assonances-- “Do not think of the pronunciation of modern _drawen_. Read _sla-wen_, _kna-ue_, an assonance. _Beþe_ does _not_ rhyme to _reden_; it is only an assonance.” --Ellis. On the other hand, we find the spellings _rathe_, _rothe_ instead of _rede_ in ll. 1335 and 2817.] [Footnote 34: “_Qual_ = _quhal_, the aspirate being omitted; and _quhal_ = _whal_.” --Ellis.] [Footnote 35: The use of _th_ for _t_ is not uncommon. In the _Romans of Partenay_, we have _thown_, _thaken_, _thouchyng_, &c., for _town_, _taken_, _touching_; see Preface, p. xvi. In the copy of Piers Plowman in MS. Camb. Univ. Lib. Dd l. 17, I have observed several similar examples. Cf. Eng. _tea_, Ital. _tè_, Span. _té_, with Fr. _thé_, Swed. _the_, G. Du. Dan. _thee_.]