Keeping in view the special form of mediation recommended by Article 8 of the Hague Convention concerning the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes and the stipulations of the Bryan Peace Treaties concerning Permanent International Commissions, we can reach a satisfactory solution of the problem of International Mediation if we take into consideration the two reasons why a League of Nations must stipulate the compulsion of its members to bring non-justiciable disputes before a Council of Conciliation previous to resorting to hostilities. These reasons are, firstly, that war in future shall not be declared without a previous attempt to have the dispute peaceably settled, and, secondly, that war in future shall not break out like a bolt from the blue. XI. My proposal concerning International Councils of Conciliation is the following: Every member of the League shall appoint for a term of years--say five or ten--two conciliators and two deputy conciliators from among their own subjects, and one conciliator and one deputy conciliator from among the subjects of some other State. Now when a non-justiciable dispute arises between two States which has not been settled by diplomatic means, the three conciliators of each party in dispute shall meet to investigate the matter, to report thereon, and to propose, if possible, a settlement. According to this proposal there would be in existence a number of Councils of Conciliation equal to half the number of the members of the League. Whenever a dispute arises, the Permanent Council of Conciliation--with which I shall deal presently--shall appoint a Chairman from amongst its own members. The Council thus constituted shall investigate the case, report on it, send a copy to each party in dispute and to the Permanent Council of Conciliation. The _Permanent_ Council of Conciliation should be a _small_ Council to be established by each of the Great Powers appointing one conciliator and one deputy conciliator for a period of--say--five or ten years. The reason why only the Great Powers should be represented in the Permanent Council of Conciliation at the Hague is that naturally, in case coercion is to be resorted to against a State which begins war without having previously submitted the dispute to a Council of Conciliation, the Great Powers will be chiefly concerned. This Permanent Council of Conciliation would have to watch the political life of the members of the League and communicate with all the Governments of the members in case the peace of the world were endangered by the attitude of one of the members; for instance by one or more of the members arming excessively. The Council would likewise be competent to draw the attention of States involved in a dispute to the fact that they ought to bring it before either the International Court of Justice or their special Council of Conciliation.