The Learned Lady in England, 1650-1760Reynolds, Myra
History
The Learned Lady in England, 1650-1760
Reynolds, Myra
Women -- Education -- Great Britain; Women -- Great Britain; Women authors, English
Mrs. Cockburn had a strong, clear, acute mind. The impression she
made on the best thinkers in her generation is due to this fact, and,
further, to the fact that she used her mentality on topics then
counted vital. She was didactic, she was morally irreproachable,
she was unassuming. That her editor's confident prediction of her
fame has been discredited by time, that she is in reality hardly
so much as a name to-day, is due partly to the oblivion that has
overtaken her subjects, but also, and even more justly, to the dead
level of her excellence. She has no wit, no fancy, no imagination,
no sprightliness of thought, no humor. Mary Astell and "Sophia" were
occasionally roused to picturesque indignation. But not so with Mrs.
Cockburn. She is as cold, as orderly, as unstimulating as a formula.
[Sidenote: Mrs. Margaret Fell (1614-1702)]
Among dissenters there is less literary record. We find more among
the Quakers than elsewhere, yet even there not so much as might be
expected from the fact of their recognition of the equality of the
sexes. It was stated in their creed: "As we dare not encourage any
ministry but that which we believe to spring from the influence
of the Holy Spirit, so neither dare we attempt to restrain this
ministry to persons of any condition in life, or to the male sex
alone; but as male and female are one in Christ, we hold it proper
that such of the female sex as we believe to be endued with a right
qualification for the ministry should exercise their gifts for the
general edification of the Church."[170] As a rule, however, the
Quaker women were too busy on their preaching tours to have much
time for authorship. Margaret Fell is their chief representative
writer.[171] Her activities began before the Restoration. As the
wife of Judge Fell of Swarthmore Hall she was of distinct social
importance, and she showed unusual ability in the conduct of the
household affairs incident on her husband's wealth and large landed
properties. She was always exceedingly devout and Swarthmore Hall
was traditionally recognized as the home of "lecturing ministers."
Among these itinerant speakers, in 1652, was George Fox. His brief
sojourn at Swarthmore was epoch-making, for when Judge Fell returned
from a distant visit he was met as he crossed Ulverston Sands by a
solemn conclave of gentlemen on horseback whose purpose it was to
announce that his wife and most of his household had become Quakers.
On investigation he became himself at least sufficiently sympathetic
with the new views not to interfere with his wife's convictions.
For half a century she was identified with Quaker interests. The
great dining-room at Swarthmore was for many years the regular
meeting-place of the Friends. In 1669, eleven years after the death
of Judge Fell, Margaret married George Fox, and till his death in
1691 she gave her time, her thought, her money, to a defense of
persecuted Quakers. Three of her daughters became preachers. She
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