published, and the description of the woman as a widow, when she was, in fact, a spinster, is not an undue publication.[245] The banns must be published from a book and not from loose papers, and after publication must be signed by the officiating minister or some person under his direction.[246] If, in the case of a minor, a parent or guardian openly forbids the banns at the time of their publication by declaring or causing to be declared his or her dissent to the marriage, the publication will be void, and no marriage can be lawfully solemnised upon it.[247] No other forbidding of the banns will render the publication void. It can, at the utmost, only furnish a ground for caution and inquiry as to further proceeding with the matter. 11. On the production and delivery of a certificate of the superintendent registrar of births, deaths, and marriages of the district in which a church or chapel is situate, that due notice of an intended marriage in that church or chapel has been given, and also, if one of the parties resides in another district, of a similar certificate of the superintendent registrar of that district, the marriage may be solemnised in such church or chapel, with the consent of the minister thereof, but not otherwise, in like manner as after due publication of banns. But a superintendent registrar cannot grant a licence for a marriage in a church or chapel of the Church of England.[248] 12. A marriage may be solemnised, without banns or registrar's certificate, under a licence of the bishop of the diocese or the Archbishop of Canterbury for that purpose. A bishop's licence is granted by the chancellor of the diocese, through the diocesan registry, for the marriage of the parties in the church or chapelry of the parish in which one of the parties has dwelt for fifteen days immediately preceding. The licence, and also the form of affidavit leading to it, together with all information on the subject, can be obtained either direct from the diocesan registry or through a clergyman who is a chancellor's surrogate. Before it is issued, an affidavit must be made before a surrogate by one of the parties to the intended marriage that there is no legal impediment to it, and that one of the parties has for fifteen days immediately preceding the issue of the licence had his or her usual place of abode in the parish or other district for banns and marriages, in the church or chapel of which the marriage is to be solemnised.[249] An ordinary or special licence can also be granted by the Archbishop of Canterbury. His ordinary licence is issued under the same conditions and has the same effect as a bishop's licence. But his special licence may authorise the parties to be married in any church and at any time, irrespectively of their places of residence and of the canonical hours. On production of a licence for a marriage in a specified church, it is the duty of the incumbent to perform the ceremony, unless he knows that