The Lenâpé and Their Legends: With the complete text and symbols of the Walam olum, a new translation, and an inquiry into its authenticityBrinton, Daniel G. (Daniel Garrison)
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The Lenâpé and Their Legends: With the complete text and symbols of the Walam olum, a new translation, and an inquiry into its authenticity
Brinton, Daniel G. (Daniel Garrison)
Delaware Indians; Delaware language -- Texts; Picture-writing, Indian
3. Squier omits the word _elumamek_. These terms are formal epithets
applied to the highest divinity. See page 158.
Squier also adds that Fig. 3 represents the sun, and is the symbol of
the Great Spirit. Both these statements are incorrect. The oval is the
earth-plain, with its four cardinal points, and the dot in the centre
signifies the spirit. See Copway, p. 135.
4. _Sohalawak_ is not a Delaware form, but is a true Algonkin word, as
seen in the Cree _ooseh-ayoo_, animate, _ooseh-taw_, inanimate, he, it,
makes, produces. (Howse, _Cree Grammar_, p. 166.) It appears in the
Shawnee _w'shellaqua_, quoted in notes to verse 2; in the Minsi dialect
the corresponding word is _kwishelmawak_; _owak_ is a mistake for
_woak_, and Rafinesque translates it "much air." _Awasagamak_, heaven,
sky, literally, "the land or place beyond," from _awossi_, beyond; but
Dr. Trumbull prefers a derivation from a root signifying "light," _Del.
waseleu_, it is clear or bright (Trans. Am. Philol. Soc., 1872, p.
164); this latter appears to me overstrained. The symbol is the earth
surmounted by the sky.
5. The symbol represents the sun, moon and stars in the sky, which is
repeated with change of relative positions in the next verse. In Minsi,
the fifth line would read, _Kwishelmawak kischohk nipahenk alankwewak_.
7. On the termination _wagan_ see page 101. The prefix _ksh_, properly
_k'sch_, is intensive, as it is an abbreviation of _kitschi_, great,
large. Thus _sokelan_, it rains, _k'schilan_, it rains very hard.
The symbol seems to indicate the waters flowing off.
8. Mr. Anthony renders this line in Minsi:--
_Pilikin_ _ameni-menayen_ _epit_,
Grew-clean groups of islands where they are,
That is, that the islands rose dry and clean from the water, as they
now are found.
_Delsin-epit_; the first part of this compound, properly
_w'dell-sinewo_, is the indicative present, 3d p. pi., of _lissin_, to
be thus, or so situated; _epit_ is what Zeisberger (_Gram._ p. 115)
calls the "adverbial" form of _achpin_, to be there, in a particular
place. This adverbial is really the suppositive form of the verb, after
the vowel-change has taken place. (See above, page 107.)
Former renderings of the line are: "It looks bright, and islands stood
there" (Rafinesque). "All was made bright, and the islands were brought
into being" (Squier).
The symbol is a three cornered point of land, rising above the water
under the sky.
9. _Manito manitoak_, "made the makers'," Raf.; "made the Great
Spirits," Squier. Either of these renderings is defensible, as will
appear from the senses of _manito_, above given.
This line can be read in Minsi, _Lapi-up Kehtanitowit man'ito
mani'towak_, Again-he-spake, Great-Spirit, a spirit, spirits. The
symbol represents the communion of the spirits. Compare Tanner,
_Narrative_, p. 359, fig. 24.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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