The left bank of the Delaware, from the vicinity of Burlington quite to and below Salem, was held by a warlike tribe known to the settlers as the _Mantas_, or _Mantos_, or _Mandes_, otherwise named the Frog Indians. They extended eastward along the main or southern Indian path, which led from the Delaware, below the mouth of Rancocas Creek, to the extensive Indian plantations or corn fields near Sandy Hook, mentioned by Campanius and Lindstrom.[70] Mr. Henry has derived their name from _mangi_, great,[71] and others have suggested _menatey_, an island; but I do not think either of these is tenable. I have no doubt that _mante_ is simply a mis-spelling of _monthee_, which is the form given by the East Jersey and Stockbridge Indians to the name of the Minsi or Monsey sub-tribe of the Delawares.[72] This is further indicated by the fact that toward the beginning of the eighteenth century they incorporated themselves wholly with the two other Lenape sub-tribes.[73] We thus find that the Minsis were not confined to the North and Northwest, as Heckewelder and others wrote, but had pressed southward in New Jersey, quite to the shores of Delaware Bay. The New Jersey Indians disappeared rapidly. As early as 1721 an official document states that they were "but few, and very innocent and friendly."[74] When, in 1745, the missionary Brainerd visited their settlement at Crosweeksung, Burlington county, he found some "who had lived with the white people under gospel light, had learned to read, were civil, etc."[75] Those with whom he labored at this place subsequently removed to New Stockbridge, Mass., and united with the Mohegans and others there.[76] The Swedish traveler, Peter Kalm, who spent about a year in New Jersey in 1749, observes that the disappearance of the native population was principally due to two agencies. Smallpox destroyed "incredible numbers", "but brandy has killed most of the Indians."[77] The dialect of the New Jersey Indians was soft and vocalic, avoiding the gutturals of their northern relatives, and without the frequent unpleasant forcible expirations of the Nanticoke. A vocabulary of it, obtained for Mr. Thomas Jefferson, in 1792, at the village of Edgpiihik, West New Jersey, is in MS. in the library of the American Philosophical Society. _Political Constitution_. Each totem of the Lenape recognized a chieftain, called sachem, _sakima_, a word found in most Algonkin dialects, with slight variations (Chip. _ogima_, Cree, _okimaw_, Pequot, _sachimma_), and derived from a root _ôki_, signifying above in space, and by a transfer frequent in all languages, above in power. Thus, in Cree,[78] we have _sâkamow_, "il projecte, il montre la tête," and in Delaware, _w'ochgitschi_, the part above, the upper part (Zeisberger), etc.