The Chipeways, Ottawas, Shawnees, Pottawattomies, Sacs, Foxes and Kikapoos, all called the Delawares "Grandfather", J. Morse, _Report on Indian Affairs_, pp. 122, 123, 142. The term was not intended in a genealogical, but solely in a political, sense. Its origin and precise meaning are alike obscure. [181] _History of the Indians_, MS., quoted by Bishop Schweinitz, _Life of Zeisberger_, p. 444, note. [182] The words are those of George Croghan, Esq., at the treaty of Pittsburgh, 1759, with the Six Nations and Wyandots. _History of Western Penna._, App. p. 135. [183] _Records of the Council at Easton_, 1756, in Lib. Amer. Philos. Soc. [184] Smith, _History of New Jersey_, p. 451 (2d ed.) [185] See the _Narrative of the Long Walk_, by John Watson, father and son, in Hazard's _Register of Penna_, 1830, reprinted in Beach's _Indian Miscellany_, pp 90-94; also the able discussion of the question in Dr. Charles Thompson's _Inquiry into the Causes of the Alienation of the Delaware and Shawnee Indians_, pp. 30-34 and 42-46. (London, 1759.) [186] _Relations des Jesuites_, 1660, p. 6. Some confusion has arisen in this matter, from confounding the Susquehannocks with the Iroquois, both of whom were called "Mengwe" by the Delawares, corrupted into "Mingoes." Thus, a writer in the first half of the 17th century says of the "Mingoes" that the river tribes "are afraid of them, so that they dare not stir, much less go to war against them." Thomas Campanius, _Description of the Province of New Sweden_, p. 158. [187] See Mr. E. M. Ruttenber's able discussion of the subject in his _History of the Indian Tribes of Hudson's River_, p. 66 (Albany, 1872). [188] Dr. Charles Thompson, _An Inquiry into the Causes of the Alienation of the Delaware and Shawnee Indians_, pp. 11, 12. (London, 1759.) [189] See his "Notes Respecting the Indians of Lancaster County, Penna.," in the _Collections of the Historical Society of Penna._, Vol. IV, Part p. 198. [190] _Minutes of the Provincial Council of Pennsylvania_, Vol. I, p. 333. [191] Ibid, Vol. I, p. 410-11. [192] _Minutes of the Provincial Council_, Vol. II, pp 572-73. [193] _History of the Indian Nations_, p. xxix. [194] _The Indian Tribes of Hudson's River_, p. 69. [195] _Trans. Am. Antiq. Soc._, Vol. II, p. 46. [196] _Pennsylvania Archives_, Vol. II, p. 47. [197] _Pennsylvania Archives_, Vol. I, p. 498. [198] _The Indian Tribes of Hudson's River_, p. 69. [199] See _Penna. Archives_, Vol. I, p. 144, and Du Ponceau, _Memoir on the Treaty at Shackamaxon, Collections of the Penna. Hist. Soc._, Vol. III, Part II, p. 73. [200] _New York Colonial Documents_, Vol. VII, p. 119. [201] Thompson, _Inquiry into the Causes of the Alienation of the Delaware and Shawnee Indians_, p. 107. [202] Heckewelder, _Indian Nations_, p. 70; E. de Schweinitz, _Life of Zeisberger_, pp. 430, 641. [203] Janney, _Life of Penn_, p. 247. [204] Ruttenber, _Indians of the Hudson River_, p. 177.