The Lenni Lenape, or Delaware IndiansWalker, Edwin Robert
History
The Lenni Lenape, or Delaware Indians
Walker, Edwin Robert
Delaware Indians
It was from the lordly title of this distinguished nobleman and
adventurer that we get our present name “Delaware.” It is undoubtedly
of Norman origin, that is, “De La Warr” is.
I cannot claim anything original for this address. Much has been
written about the Indians and I have read much of what has been
written. What follows has, of course, been drawn from the sources
of information in works upon the Indians to be found in most of the
extensive libraries.
The word Lenni Lenape is not pronounced as it is spelled,--that is, the
last word is not. That, phonetically, would be Len-apee, but it is to
be pronounced as though spelled Len-au- pay,--Lenâpé. The river known
to us as the Delaware they called the Lenape Wihittuck, meaning river
or stream of the Lenape.
The Lenape were divided into three sub-tribes, (1) the Minsi (2)
the Unami and (3) the Unalachtigo. “Minsi” means people of the stony
country, or mountaineers; “Unami,” the people down the river, and
“Unalachtigo,” people who live near the ocean. The three sub-tribes had
each its totemic animal from which it claimed a mystical descent. The
Minsi had the wolf, the Unami the turtle and the Unalachtigo the turkey.
Whence came the Indians? Rafinesque, in “The American Nations,” says
that the annals of the Lenni Lenape contain an account of creation,
telling of Kitanitowill, a God, the first and eternal being, who
caused the earth, water, sun, moon and stars. This legend also tells of
a bad spirit, Makimani, although the theory about an Indian satan seems
not to be accepted by some historians,--and it seems that such a being
was not believed in by the Lenape when the white men first went among
them.
These annals of the Lenni Lenape given by Rafinesque tell also of a
flood and the passage of the Indians and their settlement in America.
From whence they passed does not appear, and doubtless this mystery is
destined to remain forever unsolved.
In 1822 Rafinesque procured in Kentucky a record pictured on wood
giving some of the legends of the Lenape Indians. This record is
called the Walam Olum or Red Score. The original is not in existence
so far as is known, but a manuscript copy made by Rafinesque in 1833
is preserved. The first accurate reproduction of this, figures and
text, was published in 1885 in “The Lenape and their Legends,” with
complete text and symbols of the Walam Olum, by Dr. Daniel G. Brinton,
of Philadelphia.
Dr. Brinton thus summarizes the narrative of the Walam Olum:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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