[b] Bolted Corn was so-called from it being "boulted" or sifted in a bulter or bolter; this was a special cloth for the purpose of separating the fine flour from the bran, after the manner of a modern sieve. Bread made from un-bolted flour was known as "Tourte bread," bakers of such were not permitted by law to have a bolter, nor were they allowed to make white bread; nor were bakers of white bread to make "Tourte." The best kind of white bread was called Simnel, manchet, Pain demaign or payman, so-called from having an impress of our Lord upon it, the next best was the Wastell or Puff, the third and inferior sort was called Cocket or Light bread. Black bread was known as "All Sorts." Bakers might only make certain kinds of bread. A table called the Assize of Bread was set up in every city and town, showing the weight of each kind of loaf according to the law, according as the price of wheat varied from one shilling to twenty shillings per quarter. The weight of the loaves was 'set' each year by the Mayors or Bailiffs. [c] The weight of bread is given as five marks, that is L3 6s. 8d., at one time pounds, shillings, and pence, took the place of our weights--pounds, ounces, and pennyweights, hence these loaves would weigh 3 pounds 6 ounces and 8 pennyweights. The price of bread never varied, but the weight did; contrary to the modern custom. [d] Mess--a particular number or set who eat together. At the Inns of Court at the present day, a mess consists of four persons. [e] This rather upsets the theory as to the origin of eating a goose at Michaelmas, connected with Queen Elizabeth and the news of the English victory over the Spanish Armada. [f] Furmenty or Frumenty was made of new wheat boiled in milk and seasoned with sugar and spices. [g] Ale, anciently was made of wheat, barley, and honey, the term was then applied exclusively to malt liquor. Hops are supposed to have been introduced into this country in 1524 from Flanders, and the term "Beer" was used to describe liquors brewed with an infusion of hops. The two terms are now generally used synonymously. [h] The seven Canonical hours of the Church were:-- { Mattins or Nocturns, usually sung between midnight and daybreak. (1) { Lauds, a service at daybreak following closely on and sometimes { joined to mattins. (2) Prime, a later morning service, about six o'clock. (3) Tierce, a service at nine o'clock. (4) Sexts, a service at noon. (5) Nones, a service at three in the afternoon. (6) Vespers, a service at six in the evening. (7) Compline, a service at eight or nine in the evening, being the last of the seven hours. These seven offices were condensed in 1519 into two, our present Mattins and Evensong. [i] A Paternoster is a chaplet of beads.