In the eschatology of the different tribes there is, on the one hand, a
belief apparently universally accepted which regards the souls of the
dead as inhabiting butterflies or other insects after death.
Concurrently with this we find a belief in an existence in a future
world in which the shades of the dead go on living just as they did in
this world. Most tribes place this world underground and indicate some
mountain [37]—usually one formed as it were in a succession of rises
vaguely suggesting steps from a distance—as the path by which this
under-world is approached. The Angamis, however, believe that the souls
of the dead who have conformed to the best (Angami) standard of life
spend their future existence in the sky in the company of the
ancestress or creatrix of all life. Other tribes, though believing in
the existence of a sky world, or at any rate of sky spirits, do not
locate the home of the dead there. Along with these a third belief is
also to be found, as among the Semas, according to which the spirits of
the good dead go to the East and those of the unsatisfactory dead to
the West.
Among other points worth notice are the fact that lycanthropy practised
by the Semas and other tribes to the north of the Angami country is
never resorted to by Angamis, though they know of the existence in the
belief and even believe in the common origin of the tiger and man. [38]
Similarly the Khasis seem to have heard the theory from the Garos, but
do not claim ever to practise it themselves.
In folk-lore some stories seem common to nearly all tribes and to the
Kacharis too, while the story of the girl who comes out of an orange
and the stories of fighting stones and the belief that the human race
is becoming gradually smaller and will so continue till it is small
enough to climb up a chili plant, are common both to Nagas and to the
Khasis. [39] On the other hand, there seem to be certain groups of
stories which are not common to the Angamis in the south and to the
Changs and their neighbours in the north.
Linguistic considerations are notoriously dangerous in their
application to ethnography, but even here it is impossible to pass over
without remark the very decided cleavage between the vocabularies and
numerals of the languages classified by Sir George Grierson as Western
and Central Naga, and the vocabularies and numerals of the Konyaks and
Changs to the north-east, though the Aos have words characteristic of
both groups. This north-eastern group seems in fact to approach quite
appreciably nearer to the Kuki and Bodo languages of the southern
tribes than to the languages of the Central Naga tribes in between the
two.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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