The Sleswig-Holstein Question--The Danish Succession--Palmerston’s Partisanship--The “Danification” of the Duchies--The Letters-Patent of Christian VIII.--The Revolution of ’48--The Sleswig-Holstein Treaty of Berlin--Salic Law in the Duchies--Palmerston’s Intrigue with the Russian Ambassador--The Protocol of 1850--The Queen’s Objections to it--Prince Albert’s Advice to the Prince of Noër--The Treaty of London--Lord Malmesbury’s Fatal Blunder--His Mistake as to the Mandate of the Diet--Letters-Patent of Frederick VII.--His Death--Accession of Christian IX.--Revolt of the Duchies--Proclamation of the Duke of Augustenburg as Sovereign--Mr. Gladstone’s Popular Budget--Death of Sir George Cornewall Lewis--The Queen’s Letter to Lady Theresa Lewis--The Dispute with Brazil--The Prison Ministers Bill--A South Kensington Job--Hoodwinking the Commons--A “Scene” in the House of Commons--A Ministerial Defeat--Sir George Grey and the City Police--The Civil War in America--Escape of the _Alabama_--Illegal Seizure of the _Alexandra_--Blockade Running--Proclamation Abolishing Slavery--Progress of the War--Net Results of the Campaigns 164 CHAPTER VIII. THE DANISH WAR. Stagnant Politics--Excitement over the Danish War--Attitude of the Queen--Withdrawal of the Danes from Holstein--Lord Wodehouse’s Mission--The _Quarterly Review_ advocates War--Mr. Disraeli Repudiates a War Policy--Lord Palmerston’s Secret Plans--The Case against Germany--The Queen’s Warnings--Mr. Cobden’s Arguments--Lord Russell’s “Demands”--Palmerston drafts a Warlike Queen’s Speech--The Queen Refuses to Sanction it--Lord Derby Summoned to Osborne--He is Pledged to a Peace Policy--Austria and Prussia in Conflict with the Diet--The Occupation of Sleswig--War at Last--Retreat of the Danes to Düppel--Palmerston’s Protests Answered by German Victories--The Invasion of Jutland--Storming of the Düppel Redoubts--Excitement in London--Garibaldi’s Visit to London--Garibaldi and the Dowager Duchess of Sutherland--Anecdotes of Garibaldi’s Visit--Clarendon’s Visit to Napoleon III.--Expulsion of Garibaldi by Palmerston--Napoleon III. Agrees to Accept the Proposal for a Conference--Triumph of the Queen’s Peace Policy--Palmerston’s Last Struggle--His Ministry Saved by Surrender to Mr. Cobden--The Treaty of Vienna--End of the War 186 CHAPTER IX. THE HEIR-PRESUMPTIVE.