The details of organization of the land system belong more properly to
the history of the new Territories and States than to a biography.[57]
They implied much labor and minute attention, but they are not
interesting, and they may be omitted here. There remains but one subject
which Mr. Gallatin had much at heart, and which he earnestly pressed
both upon the Administration and upon Congress. This was his old
legislative doctrine of specific appropriations, which he caused Mr.
Jefferson to introduce into his first message, and which he then seems
to have persuaded his friend Joseph H. Nicholson to take in charge as
the chairman of a special committee. At the request of this committee,
Mr. Gallatin made a statement at considerable length on the 1st March,
1802.[58] The burden of this document was that too much arbitrary power
had been left to the Secretary of the Treasury to put his own
construction on the appropriation laws, and that no proper check existed
over the War and Navy Departments; the remedies suggested were specific
appropriations and direct accountability of the War and Navy Departments
to the Treasury officers. Mr. Nicholson accordingly introduced a bill
for these purposes on April 8, 1802, but it was never debated, and it
went over as unfinished business. Probably the resistance of the Navy
Department prevented its adoption, for the letters of Mr. Gallatin to
Mr. Jefferson, quoted above, show how utterly Mr. Gallatin failed in
securing the exactness and accountability in that Department which he
had so persistently demanded. Nor was this all. Probably nothing was
farther from Mr. Gallatin's mind than to make of this effort a party
demonstration. He was quite in earnest and quite right in saying that
the practice had hitherto been loose and that it should be reformed, but
his interest lay not in attacking the late Administration so much as in
reforming his own. Unfortunately, the charge of loose practices under
the former Administrations, unavoidable though it was, and indubitably
correct, roused a storm of party feeling and even called out a pamphlet
from the late Secretary of the Treasury, Wolcott. Mr. Gallatin therefore
not only was charged with slandering the late Administration, but was
obliged to submit to see the very vices which he complained of in it
perpetuated in his own.
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