Produced by Turgut Dincer, Charlie Howard, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive) [Illustration: CHARLEMAGNE Painting by Albrecht Dürer.] THE LIFE OF CHARLEMAGNE (CHARLES THE GREAT) By THOMAS HODGKIN, D.C.L. WITH NOTES BY HENRY KETCHAM [Illustration] A. L. BURT COMPANY, PUBLISHERS, NEW YORK Copyright, 1902, BY E. A. BRAINERD. PREFACE. In attempting to compress the history of the great Emperor Charles within the narrow limits of the present volume, I have undertaken a difficult task, and I trust that my fellow-historians will consider, not how much has been omitted, but how much, or rather how little, it was possible to insert. It may be thought that I might have gained space by proceeding at once to the beginning of Charles’s own reign instead of devoting more than eighty pages to his predecessors, but this did not seem to me possible. The great Emperor was the last term of an ascending series--nobles, mayors of the palace, kings; and in order to understand the law of the series it is absolutely necessary to study some of its earlier members.... A few words as to our authorities. For the period before the accession of Pippin our chief authority is the chronicle which is known by the name of _Fredegarius_, very meagre, and written in barbarous Latin, but honest; then a still more miserable continuation of this work by an unknown scribe; and lastly, a much better performance, from a literary point of view, _The Lives of the Bishops of Metz_, by Paulus Diaconus. For the reigns of Pippin and of Charles the Great we have fairly satisfactory materials in the shape of the Annals, which now began to be kept at various monasteries; chief among them the _Annales Laurissenses majores_, so-called from their connection, real or supposed, with the great monastery of Lorsch (in Hesse-Darmstadt, about ten miles east of Worms). So extensive, however, is the knowledge of State affairs possessed by this writer that it is the opinion of Professor Ranke, and of most modern inquirers, that he cannot have been a mere monk writing his chronicle in a convent, but that we have here in fact the chronicles of the Frankish kingdom. This view is to some extent confirmed by the fact that there is a fuller recension of them in a more literary form, which bears the name of _Annales Finhardi_, and thus professes to be the work of Charles’s friend and secretary. The precious _Vita Caroli_, from the pen of the same writer, is described in the following pages.