Produced by Ted Garvin, Marc D'Hooghe, Steve Whitaker, and the PG Online Distributed Proofreading Team THE LIFE OF CICERO BY ANTHONY TROLLOPE _IN TWO VOLUMES_ VOL. I. NEW YORK HARPER & BROTHERS, FRANKLIN SQUARE 1881 CONTENTS OF VOLUME I. CHAPTER I. PAGE INTRODUCTION. 7 CHAPTER II. HIS EDUCATION. 40 CHAPTER III. THE CONDITION OF ROME. 62 CHAPTER IV. HIS EARLY PLEADINGS.--SEXTUS ROSCIUS AMERINUS.--HIS INCOME. 80 CHAPTER V. CICERO AS QUÆSTOR. 107 CHAPTER VI. VERRES. 124 CHAPTER VII. CICERO AS ÆDILE AND PRÆTOR. 162 CHAPTER VIII. CICERO AS CONSUL. 184 CHAPTER IX. CATILINE. 206 CHAPTER X. CICERO AFTER HIS CONSULSHIP. 240 CHAPTER XI. THE TRIUMVIRATE. 264 CHAPTER XII. HIS EXILE. 297 * * * * * APPENDICES. APPENDIX A. 335 APPENDIX B. 340 APPENDIX C. 242 APPENDIX D. 345 APPENDIX E. 347 THE LIFE OF CICERO. CHAPTER I. _INTRODUCTION._ I am conscious of a certain audacity in thus attempting to give a further life of Cicero which I feel I may probably fail in justifying by any new information; and on this account the enterprise, though it has been long considered, has been postponed, so that it may be left for those who come after me to burn or publish, as they may think proper; or, should it appear during my life, I may have become callous, through age, to criticism. The project of my work was anterior to the life by Mr. Forsyth, and was first suggested to me as I was reviewing the earlier volumes of Dean Merivale's History of the Romans under the Empire. In an article on the Dean's work, prepared for one of the magazines of the day, I inserted an apology for the character of Cicero, which was found to be too long as an episode, and was discarded by me, not without regret. From that time the subject has grown in my estimation till it has reached its present dimensions.