The Life of CrustaceaCalman, W. T. (William Thomas)
Science
The Life of Crustacea
Calman, W. T. (William Thomas)
Crustacea
Two families of the Amphipoda differ so much in general appearance from
the others that they deserve mention. The Caprellidæ (Fig. 22) have the
body drawn out to a thread-like slenderness, and the abdomen reduced to
a mere vestige. The fourth and fifth pairs of thoracic limbs are
generally absent, though the corresponding gills remain. The animals
live in the sea, clambering among sea-weeds or zoophytes in a fashion
which recalls the movements of "looper" caterpillars. The _Cyamidæ_, or
"Whale-lice" (Fig. 23), are, as the name implies, parasites on the skin
of whales, and are closely related to the Caprellidæ. They have,
however, a broad, flattened body, more like that of an Isopod than an
ordinary Amphipod, and their legs have strong curved claws with which
they cling to the skin of their host.
[Illustration: FIG. 24--_Meganyctiphanes norvegica_, ONE OF THE
EUPHAUSIACEA. TWICE NATURAL SIZE. (From Lankester's "Treatise on
Zoology.")]
The third division of the Malacostraca, the EUCARIDA, consists of two
orders of very unequal interest and importance. The first of these, the
order EUPHAUSIACEA (Fig. 24), comprises only a single family of small,
shrimp-like Crustacea found swimming freely at the surface or in the
depths of the sea. In these the carapace fuses with all the thoracic
somites, the eyes are stalked, the antennules have two flagella, and the
antennæ have a broad scale. None of the thoracic limbs are modified into
maxillipeds, and all carry swimming exopodites. The uropods and telson
form a tail-fan. A single series of feathery gills are attached to the
bases of the thoracic limbs. Nearly all the Euphausiacea possess the
power of emitting light, and are furnished for the purpose with a number
of organs which were formerly supposed to be "accessory eyes."
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