The Life of CrustaceaCalman, W. T. (William Thomas)
Science
The Life of Crustacea
Calman, W. T. (William Thomas)
Crustacea
Most of the true Crabs (Brachyura) have a larval history similar to that
just described, and pass through zoëa and megalopa stages which differ
only in details from those of _Carcinus_. The Anomura are also hatched
as zoëæ, and one of the most remarkable forms common in tow-nettings in
British waters is the zoëa of the little Porcelain Crabs
(_Porcellana_--Fig. 26). In this larva the carapace has two long spines
behind, and a rostral spine which is several times as long as the body
of the animal. A great development of spines also characterizes the
larva of _Munida_ (Fig. 27).
[Illustration: FIG. 27--FIRST LARVAL STAGE OF _Munida rugosa_ (SEE PLATE
VI.). × 10. (After Sars.)]
The larval form of the Common Lobster has already been described, and it
will be noticed that the differences from the adult are much less than
in the case of the Crab. From the fact that this larva has swimming
exopodites on its legs, like the adult Mysidacea and Euphausiacea
(formerly grouped together as "Schizopoda"), it is said to be in the
"schizopod stage." The larva of the Norway Lobster (_Nephrops
norvegicus_) is essentially of the same type, but the great development
of the spines on the abdomen and of the forked telson gives it a
striking appearance.
A very remarkable type of larva is found among the Spiny Lobsters and
their allies (Scyllaridea). This larva, known by the name of
_phyllosoma_ (Fig. 28), is very broad, thin, and leaf-like, and quite
transparent, so that some of the larger kinds were formerly known as
"Glass Crabs." The thin oval carapace does not cover the whole of the
thoracic region, which is disc-shaped, with four pairs of long slender
legs, each with an exopodite. The abdomen is relatively small. The
intermediate stages between the phyllosoma and the adult are still very
imperfectly known. In tropical seas phyllosoma larvæ of large size are
found, sometimes reaching two or three inches in length. The larva of
the Common Spiny Lobster (_Palinurus vulgaris_), however, does not
exceed half an inch in length.
[Illustration: FIG. 28--THE PHYLLOSOMA LARVA OF THE COMMON SPINY LOBSTER
(_Palinurus vulgaris_--SEE PLATE V.). MUCH ENLARGED. (After J. T.
Cunningham.)]
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