After defining a body to be that which is divisible in every direction,
Aristotle proceeds to inquire how it happens that a body has only the
three dimensions of length, breadth, and thickness; and seems to think
he has given a reason in saying that, when we speak of two things, we do
not say "all," but "both," and three is the first number of which we say
"all."[120] When he comes to speak of motion, he says, "If motion is not
understood, we cannot but remain ignorant of Nature. Motion appears to
be of the nature of continuous quantities, and in continuous quantity
infinity first makes its appearance; so as to furnish some with a
definition who say that continuous quantity is that which is infinitely
divisible.—Moreover, unless there be time, space, and a vacuum, it is
impossible that there should be motion."[121]—Few propositions of
Aristotle's physical philosophy are more notorious than his assertion
that nature abhors a vacuum, on which account this last passage is the
more remarkable, as he certainly did not go so far as to deny the
existence of motion, and therefore asserts here the necessity of that of
which he afterwards attempts to show the absurdity.—"Motion is the
energy of what exists in power so far forth as so existing. It is that
act of a moveable which belongs to its power of moving."[122] After
struggling through such passages as the preceding we come at last to a
resting-place.—"It is difficult to understand what motion is."—When
the same question was once proposed to another Greek philosopher, he
walked away, saying, "I cannot tell you, but I will show you;" an answer
intrinsically worth more than all the subtleties of Aristotle, who was
not humble-minded enough to discover that he was tasking his genius
beyond the limits marked out for human comprehension.
He labours in the same manner and with the same success to vary the idea
of space. He begins the next book with declaring, that "those who say
there is a vacuum assert the existence of space; for a vacuum is space,
in which there is no substance;" and after a long and tedious reasoning
concludes that, "not only what space is, but also whether there be such
a thing, cannot but be doubted."[123] Of time he is content to say
merely, that "it is clear that time is not motion, but that without
motion there would be no time;"[124] and there is perhaps little fault
to be found with this remark, understanding motion in the general sense
in which Aristotle here applies it, of every description of change.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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