From this table he argued that to make the proportions agree, we must
assume one of two things, "either that the moving intelligences of the
planets are weakest in those which are farthest from the Sun, or that
there is one moving intelligence in the Sun, the common centre forcing
them all round, but those most violently which are nearest, and that it
languishes in some sort, and grows weaker at the most distant, because
of the remoteness and the attenuation of the virtue."
We stop here to insert a note added by Kepler to the later editions, and
shall take advantage of the same interruption to warn the reader not to
confound this notion of Kepler with the theory of a gravitating force
towards the Sun, in the sense in which we now use those words. According
to our theory, the effect of the presence of the Sun upon the planet is
to pull it towards the centre in a straight line, and the effect of the
motion thus produced combined with the motion of the planet, which if
undisturbed would be in a straight line inclined to the direction of the
radius, is, that it describes a curve round the Sun. Kepler considered
his planets as perfectly quiet and unwilling to move when left alone;
and that this virtue supposed by him to proceed in every direction out
of the Sun, swept them round, just as the sails of a windmill would
carry round anything which became entangled in them. In other parts of
his works Kepler mentions having speculated on a real attractive force
in the centre; but as he knew that the planets are not always at the
same distance from the Sun, and conceived erroneously, that to remove
them from their least to their greatest distance a repulsive force must
be supposed alternating with an attractive one, he laid aside this
notion as improbable. In a note he acknowledges that when he wrote the
passage just quoted, imbued as he then was with Scaliger's notions on
moving intelligences, he literally believed "that each planet was moved
by a living spirit, but afterwards came to look on the moving cause as a
corporeal though immaterial substance, something in the nature of light
which is observed to diminish similarly at increased distances." He then
proceeds as follows in the original text.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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