The Life of George Stephenson and of his Son Robert Stephenson: Comprising Also a History of the Invention and Introduction of the Railway LocomotiveSmiles, Samuel
History
The Life of George Stephenson and of his Son Robert Stephenson: Comprising Also a History of the Invention and Introduction of the Railway Locomotive
Among the most prominent of these were Trevithick and Woolf. Trevithick
was the most original and speculative, Woolf the most plodding and
practical, and the most successful. Trevithick's ingenuity exhibited
itself in his schemes for working Boulton and Watt's pumping-engine by
high-pressure steam, by means of his cylindrical wrought-iron boiler.
He proposed to expand the steam down to low pressure previous to
condensation, thereby anticipating by many years the Cornish engine now
in use. The suggestion was not, however, then acted on, and he fell
back on his original design of a simple non-condensing high-pressure
engine. One of these was erected at Dalcoath mine to draw the ores
there. It was called "the puffer" by the mining people, from its
puffing the steam direct into the air; but its performances did not
compare favorably with those of the ordinary condensing engines of
Boulton and Watt, and the engine did not come into general use.
Trevithick was not satisfied to carry on a prosperous engine business
in Cornwall. Camborne was too small for him, and the Cornish mining
districts presented too limited a field for his ambitious spirit. So
he came to London, the Patent-office drawing him as the loadstone does
the needle. In 1808 he took out two patents, one for "certain machinery
for towing, driving, or forcing and discharging ships and other vessels
of their cargoes," and the other for "a new method of stowing cargoes
of ships." In 1809 he took out another patent for constructing docks,
ships, etc., and propelling vessels.
In these patents, Trevithick was associated with one Robert Dickinson,
of Great Queen Street, but his name stands first in the specification,
wherein he describes himself as "of Rotherhithe, in the county of
Surrey, engineer." By the first of these patents he proposed to tow
vessels by means of a rowing wheel shaped like an undershot water-wheel
furnished with floats placed vertically in a box, and worked by a
steam-engine, which he also proposed to employ in the loading and
unloading of the vessel, but it is not known that the plan was ever
introduced into practical use. The patent of 1809 included a floating
dock or caisson made of wrought-iron plates, in which a ship might be
docked while afloat, and, after the water had been pumped out of the
caisson, repaired without moving her stores, masts, or furniture. This
invention has since been carried out in practice by the Messrs. Rennie
in the floating iron dock which they have recently constructed for the
Spanish government. Another invention included in the specification
was the construction of merchant and war ships of wrought-iron plates
strongly riveted together, with their decks supported by wrought-iron
beams, and the masts, bowsprits, and booms also of tubular wrought
iron, thereby anticipating by many years the form and structure of
vessels now in common use.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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