"I now come to the changes made in the San Stephano Treaty (which was undoubtedly, and was intended to be, the _coup de grâce_ to Turkish rule in Europe) by the Treaty of Berlin. "By the division of the two Bulgarias we prolonged, without alleviating, the agony of Turkey in Europe; we repaired the great mistake of Russia, from a Russian point of view, in making one great State of Bulgaria. We stipulated that Turkish troops, with a hostile Bulgaria to the north, and a hostile Roumelia to the south, should occupy the Balkans. I leave military men, or any men of sense, to consider this step. We restored Russia to her place, as the protector of these lands, which she had by the Treaty of San Stephano given up. We have left the wishes of Bulgarians unsatisfied, and the countries unquiet. We have forced them to look to Russia more than to us and France, and we have lost their sympathies. And for what? It is not doubted that ere long the two States will be united. If Moldavia and Wallachia laughed at the Congress of Paris, and united while it (the Congress) was in session at Paris, is it likely Bulgaria will wait long, or hesitate to unite with Roumelia, because Europe does not wish it? "Therefore the union of the two States is certain, only it is to be regretted that this union will give just the chance Russia wants to interfere again; and though, when the union takes place, I believe Russia will repent it, still it will always be to Russia that they will look till the union is accomplished. "I suppose the Turks are capable of appreciating what they gained by the Treaty of Berlin. _They were fully aware that the Treaty of San Stephano was their_ coup de grâce. But the Treaty of Berlin was supposed to be beneficial to them. Why? By it Turkey lost _not only Bulgaria_ and _Roumelia_ (for she has virtually lost it), but _Bosnia_ and _Herzegovina_, while she gained the utterly impossible advantage of occupying the Balkans, with a hostile nation to north and south. "I therefore maintain that the Treaty of Berlin did no good to Turkey, but infinite harm to Europe.