[51] However, the audacious insect had other surprises in store for him: his notes speak of nests found more or less by chance near the still of a distillery, on the top of a steam-engine in a silk mill, on the walls and furniture of a farmhouse kitchen, and even in the interior of a gourd in which the farmer kept his shot on the chimney-piece; in a word, wherever there was warmth and not too much light. Souvenirs, IV., p. 8–12. [52] Souvenirs, I., p. 122. The Hunting Wasps, chap. vii., “Advanced Theories.” [53] Souvenirs, I., p. 136. The Hunting Wasps, chap. viii., “The Languedocian Sphex.” [54] Souvenirs, I., pp. 50, 52; II., p. 262 et seq. [55] Souvenirs, II., pp. 262–303, III., 194–195. The Glow-Worm, chap. ii., “The Sitaris;” The Life of the Fly, chap. iv., “Larval Dimorphism.” [56] Horace, Ars Poetica, 409 et seq. [57] Souvenirs, III., p. 193. [58] Ibid., I., p. 182. The Hunting Wasps, chap. xi., “An Ascent of Mont Ventoux.” [59] Souvenirs, I., pp. 182–3. The Hunting Wasps, chap. xi., “An Ascent of Mont Ventoux.” [60] Souvenirs, I., p. 180. [61] Th. Delacour and Bernard Valot of the Jardin des Plantes. [62] Souvenirs, I., pp. 181–186. The Hunting Wasps, chap, xi., “An Ascent of Mont Ventoux.” [63] Souvenirs, I., pp. 192–193. [64] Souvenirs, VI., p. 166; I., p. 187. [65] Léon Dufour (1780–1865) was an Army surgeon who in 1823 went through the Spanish campaign, and on returning to France settled in his native town, Saint-Sever, where he devoted himself chiefly to entomology. [66] Souvenirs, I., pp. 39–41. The Hunting Wasps, chap, i., “The Buprestis-hunting Cerceris.” [67] Fabre, Poet of Science, p. 58. [68] Souvenirs, I., pp. 41, 44. The Hunting Wasps, chap. I., “The Buprestis-hunting Cerceris.” [69] Souvenirs, IX., pp. 326–328. [70] Duclaux, Pasteur, Histoire d’un Esprit, pp. 182–93. [71] Souvenirs, IX., p. 330. [72] Souvenirs, IX., pp. 330–331. [73] Souvenirs, I., p. 40, 73; II., pp. 78, 83, 181, 214, 234, 235, 283; V., pp. 76, 188, 229, etc. [74] Everybody knows to-day that heat kills, or so far enfeebles as to render inoffensive, the microbes that infect liquids and make it impossible to preserve them. This again is one of Pasteur’s happy discoveries, as is conveyed by the very verb to pasteurise, which means “to protect against microbes by the action of heat.” We pasteurise milk, beer, wine, etc. The ancients used to practise the heating of wines. In the house of St. John and St. Paul, discovered in Rome in 1887, beneath the church dedicated to the two martyrs, who were both officers of the Emperor Constantine, the excavators found beside the cellar and the amphoræ of wine, the little room with a fireplace known as the furnarium, which was used for heating wine and drying fruit. The heating of wines was practised also at Mèze, near Cette, before Pasteur’s discovery.