But the ancient method of heating had nothing in common with pasteurisation. The merchants of Hérault, like the ancients, used to heat wine in order to modify its flavour, to mature it more quickly. Pasteur, on the other hand, heats it to keep it unchanged. To mature wine it is heated slowly in contact with the air. To preserve it, the wine must be rapidly heated to 122° F. in a vacuum. The object and the method are altogether different. [75] Souvenirs, IX., pp. 329–30. [76] St. Roch (1295–1327) is represented in his statues with the dog that saved his life by discovering him in the solitude where after curing the plague-stricken Italians, he hid himself lest he should communicate the pestilence to others.—A. T. de M. [77] The old, partly-demolished bridge at Avignon which figures in the well-known French catch: “Sur le pont d’Avignon, Tout le monde y danse en rond.” (A. T. de M.) [78] Souvenirs, X., pp. 343 et seq. The Life of the Fly, chap xx., “Industrial Chemistry.” [79] M. François Fabié, ex-professor in the lycée of Toulon, still lives in the neighbourhood of the city, in the Villa des Troènes. [80] Journal d’Aveyron, 8 November 1908. [81] Souvenirs, X., pp. 338–43; The Life of the Fly, chap. xx., “Industrial Chemistry.” [82] Cf. supra, p. 135. [83] Souvenirs, X., p. 353. The Life of the Fly, chap. xx., “Industrial Chemistry.” [84] Revue scientifique, May 7, 1910, speech by M. Edmond Perrier. [85] Jean Victor Duruy (1811–1894), author of a number of historical works, including a well-known Histoire des Romains, and Minister of Public Instruction under Napoleon III. from 1863 to 1869. Cf. The Life of the Fly, chap. xx.—A. T. de M. [86] Souvenirs, II., pp. 125–126. The Mason Bees, chap. V., “The story of my Cats.” [87] Horace, Ode xxx., Bk. iii. [88] Souvenirs, II., pp. 202–203. The Life of the Spider, chap. i., “The Black-bellied Tarantula.” [89] Souvenirs, II., p. 1. [90] The Halicti produce two generations each year: one, in the spring, is the issue of mothers who, fecundated in the autumn, have passed through the winter; the other, produced in the summer, is the fruit of parthenogenesis, that is, of procreation by the maternal virtualities alone. Of the concourse of the two sexes only females are born; parthenogenesis gives rise to both males and females. [91] Souvenirs, VIII., pp. 144–160. The Bramble-Bees, chap. xiv., “Parthenogenesis.” It was only a later date, by combining a series of successive observations which were spread over a great length of years, that he was able to define exactly the various modes of generation employed by the Halicti, as described in the preceding note. [92] Fabre, Poet of Science, G. V. Legros, pp. 108–115. [93] The country round Sérignan, in Provence.—A. T. de M. [94] Souvenirs, II., pp. 1–8. The Life of the Fly, chap. i., “The Harmas.”