Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Linda Cantoni, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net THE LIFE OF JOAN OF ARC BY ANATOLE FRANCE A TRANSLATION BY WINIFRED STEPHENS IN TWO VOLS., VOL. I [Illustration] LONDON: JOHN LANE, THE BODLEY HEAD NEW YORK: JOHN LANE COMPANY: MCMIX _Copyright in U.S.A., 1908, by_ MANZI, JOYANT ET CIE _Copyright in U.S.A., 1908, by_ JOHN LANE COMPANY THE UNIVERSITY PRESS, CAMBRIDGE, U.S.A. [Illustration: Joan of Arc] PREFACE TO THE ENGLISH EDITION Scholars have been good enough to notice this book; and the majority have treated it very kindly, doubtless because they have perceived that the author has observed all the established rules of historical research and accuracy. Their kindness has touched me. I am especially grateful to MM. Gabriel Monod, Solomon Reinach and Germain Lefevre-Pontalis, who have discovered in this work certain errors, which will not be found in the present edition. My English critics have a special claim to my gratitude. To the memory of Joan of Arc they consecrate a pious zeal which is almost an expiatory worship. Mr. Andrew Lang's praiseworthy scruples with regard to my references have caused me to correct some and to add several. The hagiographers alone are openly hostile. They reproach me, not with my manner of explaining the facts, but with having explained them at all. And the more my explanations are clear, natural, rational and derived from the most authoritative sources, the more these explanations displease them. They would wish the history of Joan of Arc to remain mysterious and entirely supernatural. I have restored the Maid to life and to humanity. That is my crime. And these zealous inquisitors, so intent on condemning my work, have failed to discover therein any grave fault, any flagrant inexactness. Their severity has had to content itself with a few inadvertences and with a few printer's errors. What flatterers could better have gratified "the proud weakness of my heart?"[1] PARIS, _January, 1909_. [Footnote 1: "_De mon coeur l'orgueilleuse faiblesse_," Racine, _Iphigenie en Aulide_, Act i, sc. i.--(W.S.)] INTRODUCTION My first duty should be to make known the authorities for this history. But L'Averdy, Buchon, J. Quicherat, Vallet de Viriville, Simeon Luce, Boucher de Molandon, MM. Robillard de Beaurepaire, Lanery d'Arc, Henri Jadart, Alexandre Sorel, Germain Lefevre-Pontalis, L. Jarry, and many other scholars have published and expounded various documents for the life of Joan of Arc. I refer my readers to their works which in themselves constitute a voluminous literature,[2] and without entering on any new examination of these documents, I will merely indicate rapidly and generally the reasons for the use I have chosen to make of them. They are: first, the trial which resulted in her condemnation; second, the chronicles; third, the trial for her rehabilitation; fourth, letters, deeds, and other papers.