THE LIFE OF JOHN MARSHALL Standard Library Edition IN FOUR VOLUMES VOLUME II [Illustration: JOHN MARSHALL AS CHIEF JUSTICE From the portrait by Jarvis] THE LIFE OF JOHN MARSHALL BY ALBERT J. BEVERIDGE VOLUME II POLITICIAN, DIPLOMATIST STATESMAN 1789-1801 [Illustration] BOSTON AND NEW YORK HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY The Riverside Press Cambridge COPYRIGHT, 1916, BY ALBERT J. BEVERIDGE COPYRIGHT, 1919, BY HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY ALL RIGHTS RESERVED CONTENTS I. INFLUENCE OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION ON AMERICA 1 The effort of the French King to injure Great Britain by assisting the revolt of the colonists hastens the upheaval in France--The French Revolution and American Government under the Constitution begins at the same time--The vital influence of the French convulsion on Americans--Impossible to understand American history without considering this fact--All Americans, at first, favor the French upheaval which they think a reform movement--Marshall's statement--American newspapers--Gouverneur Morris's description of the French people--Lafayette's infatuated reports--Marshall gets black and one-sided accounts through personal channels--The effect upon him--The fall of the Bastille--Lafayette sends Washington the key of the prison-- The reign of blood in Paris applauded in America--American conservatives begin to doubt the wisdom of the French Revolution--Burke writes his "Reflections"--Paine answers with his "Rights of Man"--The younger Adams replies in the "Publicola" essays--He connects Jefferson with Paine's doctrines--"Publicola" is viciously assailed in the press-- Jefferson writes Paine--The insurrection of the blacks in St. Domingo--Marshall's account--Jefferson writes his daughter: "I wish we could distribute the white exiles among the Indians"--Marshall's statement of effect of the French Revolution in America--Jefferson writes to Short: "I would rather see half the earth desolated"--Louis XVI guillotined--Genêt arrives in America--The people greet him frantically--His outrageous conduct--The Republican newspapers suppress the news of or defend the atrocities of the revolutionists--The people of Philadelphia guillotine Louis XVI in effigy--Marie Antoinette is beheaded--American rejoicing at her execution--Absurd exaggeration by both radicals and conservatives in America--The French expel Lafayette--Washington sends Marshall's brother to secure his release from the Allies--He fails--Effect upon Marshall--Ridiculous conduct of the people in America--All titles are denounced: "Honorable," "Reverend," even "Sir" or "Mr." considered "aristocratic"--The "democratic societies" appear--Washington denounces them--Their activities--Marshall's account of their decline--The influence