THE LIFE OF JOHN RUSKIN by W. G. COLLINGWOOD M.A., F.S.A., Late Professor of Fine Art, University College, Reading 1911 PREFACE TO THE SEVENTH EDITION This book in its first form was written nearly twenty years ago with the intention of contributing a volume to a series of University Extension Manuals. For that purpose it included a sketch of Ruskin's "Work," with some attempt to describe the continuous development of his thought. It had the advantage--and the disadvantage--of being written under his eye; that is to say, he saw as much of it as his health allowed; and it received his general approval. To explain my venturing upon the subject at all, I may perhaps be allowed to state that I became his pupil in 1872 (having seen him earlier), and continued to be in some relation to him--as visitor, resident assistant, or near neighbour--until his death. After his death the biographical part of my book was enlarged at the expense of the description of his writings; and in revising once more I have thrown out much relating to his works, chiefly because they are now accessible as they were not formerly. W.G.C. CONISTON, May 1911 CONTENTS BOOK I THE BOY POET (1819-1842) CHAPTER I. HIS ANCESTORS II. THE FATHER OF THE MAN (1819-1825) III. PERFERVIDUM INGENIUM (1826-1830) IV. MOUNTAIN-WORSHIP (1830-1835) V. THE GERM OF "MODERN PAINTERS" (1836) VI. A LOVE-STORY (1836-1839) VII. "KATA PHUSIN" (1837-1838) VIII. SIR ROGER NEWDIGATE'S PRIZE (1837-1839) IX. "THE BROKEN CHAIN" (1840-1841) X. THE GRADUATE OF OXFORD (1841-1842) BOOK II THE ART CRITIC (1842-1860) I. "TURNER AND THE ANCIENTS" (1842-1844) II. CHRISTIAN ART (1845-1847) III. "THE SEVEN LAMPS" (1847-1849) IV. "STONES OF VENICE" (1849-1851) V. PRE-RAPHAELITISM (1851-1853) VI. THE EDINBURGH LECTURES (1853-1854) VII. THE WORKING MEN'S COLLEGE (1854-1855) VIII. "MODERN PAINTERS" CONTINUED (1855-1856) IX. "THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF ART" (1857-1858) X. "MODERN PAINTERS" CONCLUDED (1858-1860) BOOK III HERMIT AND HERETIC (1860-1870) CHAPTER I. "UNTO THIS LAST" (1860-1861) II. "MUNERA PULVERIS" (1862) III. THE LIMESTONE ALPS (1863) IV. "SESAME AND LILIES" (1864) V. "ETHICS OF THE DUST" (1865) VI. "THE CROWN OF WILD OLIVE" (1865-1866) VII. "TIME AND TIDE" (1867) VIII. AGATES, AND ABBEVILLE (1868) IX. "THE QUEEN OF THE AIR" (1869) X. VERONA AND OXFORD (1869-1870) BOOK IV PROFESSOR AND PROPHET (1870-1900) I. FIRST OXFORD LECTURES (1870-1871) II. "FORS" BEGUN (1871-1872) III. OXFORD TEACHING (1872-1875) IV. ST. GEORGE AND ST. MARK (1875-1877) V. "DEUCALION" AND "PROSERPINA" (1877-1879) VI. THE DIVERSIONS OF BRANTWOOD (1879-1881) VII. "FORS" RESUMED (1880-1881) VIII. THE RECALL TO OXFORD (1882-1883) IX. THE STORM-CLOUD (1884-1888) X. DATUR HORA QUIETI (1889-1900) THE LIFE OF JOHN RUSKIN BOOK I THE BOY POET (1819-1842) THE LIFE OF JOHN RUSKIN CHAPTER I HIS ANCESTORS