The Life of Lazarillo of Tormes: His Fortunes and Misfortunes as Told by HimselfAnonymous
General
The Life of Lazarillo of Tormes: His Fortunes and Misfortunes as Told by Himself
Anonymous
Picaresque literature, Spanish; Spain -- Social conditions -- 16th century -- Fiction; Spanish fiction -- Translations into English
Another critic, Americo Castro, points out that _Lazarillo of
Tormes_ is different from other types of sixteenth century prose
fiction in at least one extremely important way that points
toward the modern novel. The knights of chivalresque novels and
the shepherds who sighed and lamented their way through pastoral
novels were flat characters with no room to grow. Not so
Lazarillo. Every action, every twist of fortune makes an
impression on him, forms his way of looking at the world and
shapes his nature. From an innocent little boy he becomes a
mischievous, then vengeful, blind man's boy. He observes the
hypocrisy, avarice, false pride, materialism of his masters, and
when he marries the archpriest's mistress for what he can gain,
he applies all the lessons he has learned on the ladder to success--
to the "height of all good fortune." Americo Castro also notes that
_Lazarillo of Tormes_ is a step toward the masterpiece of Cervantes,
_Don Quixote of La Mancha_. As this critic said: "In addition to its
intrinsic merits, the _Lazarillo de Tormes_ is supremely important
viewed in its historic perspective. In many ways it made possible
the _Quijote_. Among other things, it offered in the intimate
opposition of the squire and his servant the first outline of
the duality-unity of Don Quijote and Sancho."
Style is another point of great importance to this novel,
particularly in the use of conceits. Lazarillo's father, for
example, "suffered persecution for righteousness' sake," a clear
reference to the beatitudes. But in this case "righteousness" is
the law who is punishing him for being the thief that he is.
Throughout the novel we see similar plays on words: the master,
who "although he was _blind, enlightened_ me;" or the squire who
tried to coax certain young ladies one morning, and whose stomach
was _warm_, but when he discovered that his pocketbook was
_cold_, he suffered _hot-chills_.
It is not surprising that sequels promptly appeared, but the
writers of these unfortunately lacked the genius of the author of
the original _Lazarillo_. An anonymous sequel appeared in 1555
with the title, _The Second Part of Lazarillo of Tormes, His
Fortunes and Misfortunes_. Its beginning words are the same as
the final ones of the first _Lazarillo_, but there any similarity
ends. In this novel Lazaro makes friends with some Germans and
his wife gives birth to a daughter. Lazaro then enlists to go on
an expedition to fight the Turks, his ship sinks, and he is
miraculously changed into a fish. He has many adventures in the
sea, and is finally caught up in the nets of some fishermen and
changes back into a man. The novel is a fantasy, and may be
allegorical. The beginning is its most realistic point, and the
first chapter of this novel became tacked onto the end of the
first _Lazarillo_.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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