CHAPTER V. Elector Max Franz--Appearance and Character of Maria Theresias’s Youngest Son--His Career in Church and State--Musical Culture in the Austrian Imperial Family--The Elector’s Admiration for Mozart and Mozart’s Characterization of Him--His Court Music at Bonn 77 CHAPTER VI. Beethoven Again--His Studies Interrupted--A Period of Artistic Inactivity in Bonn--The Young Organist Indulges in a Prank--A Visit to Vienna--Mozart Hears the Youthful Beethoven Play--Sympathetic Acquaintances--Death of Beethoven’s Mother--Association with the von Breuning Family--Some Questions of Chronology Discussed 85 CHAPTER VII. The Family von Breuning--Beethoven Brought Under Refining Influences--Count Waldstein--Beethoven’s First Mæcenas--Time of the Count’s Arrival in Bonn--Beethoven Forced to Become Head of His Father’s Family 98 CHAPTER VIII. The National Theatre of Elector Max Franz--Beethoven’s Associates in the Court Orchestra--Anton Reicha--Andreas and Bernhard Romberg--His Practical Experience in the Electoral Band--The Operatic Repertory of Five Years in the Court Theatre 105 CHAPTER IX. The Last Three Years of Beethoven’s Life in Bonn--Gleanings of Fact and Anecdote--A Visit from Haydn--Merry Journey up the Rhine--Beethoven’s Meeting with Abbé Sterkel--He Extemporizes--His Playing Described by Carl Ludwig Junker--He Shows a Cantata to Haydn--The Extent of Max Franz’s Patronage of the Composer--Social and Artistic Life in Bonn--Madame von Breuning a Guardian Angel--The Circle of Companions--Friendships with Young Women--Jeannette d’Honrath--Fräulein Westerhold--Eleonore von Breuning--Beethoven Leaves Bonn Forever--The Parting with His Friends--Incidents of His Journey to Vienna 110 CHAPTER X. Beethoven’s Creative Activity in Bonn--An Inquiry into the Genesis of Many Compositions--The Cantatas on the Death of Joseph II and the Elevation of Leopold II--Vicissitudes of These Compositions--A Group of Songs--The “Ritterballet” and Other Instrumental Works--Several Chamber Compositions--The String Trio, Op. 3, Carried to England--Manuscripts Taken by Beethoven from Bonn to Vienna 129 CHAPTER XI. Beethoven in Vienna--Care for His Personal Appearance--Death of His Father--Records of Minor Receipts and Expenditures--His Studies with Haydn--Clandestine Lessons in Composition with Johann Schenk--A Rupture with Haydn--Becomes a Pupil of Albrechtsberger and Salieri--Characteristics as a Pupil 146