P. 20.—Married clergy. Calpurnius and his father are instances of married clergy, belonging to the period of transition, before the principle of celibacy had been generally recognised. Enjoined by the Spanish Council of Elvira in A.D. 305, this principle had not been universally accepted even in Spain, for it was in answer to an appeal from a Spanish bishop that Pope Siricius wrote his Decretal of A.D. 385, laying down the necessity of celibacy. This ruling expressed the rapidly growing tendency in the western churches, yet at a much later time Gallic councils found it necessary to legislate against married clergy. There is therefore nothing surprising in finding married deacons and presbyters in Britain in the fourth century. It is open to any one who chooses to _believe_ that Calpurnius and Potitus gave up family ties before they took orders; but such a belief would be a pure act of faith, superfluous and ungrounded. P. 23.—The names _Patricius_ and _Sucat_. The statement of medieval biographers that the name _Patricius_ was first assumed on the occasion of ordination must be regarded as a conjecture to explain the tradition that he had four names. The earliest mention of the four names (Sucat, Magonus, Cothrige, and Patricius) is in Tírechán (p. 302), who found them in a written source. There is no difficulty about Cothrige; it has been recognised (by Todd, Rhŷs, Thurneysen, Zimmer) that it is simply an Irish equivalent for Patricius, with the regular mutation of _p_ to _c_, which we find in early loan words from the British language (_e.g._ _casc_ = _pascha_, _cruimthir_ = _premter_ for _presbyter_, cp. Zimmer, _Early Celtic Church_, p. 25). I have pointed out traces of an older (labio-velar) form: _Qatrige_ (“Tradition of Muirchu’s Text,” p. 200). I have also shown (_ib._ p. 201) that, in early tradition, this name was specially connected with Patrick’s captivity, and this supports the view that he was named Patricius as a child (his Irish captors rendered it _Qatrige_ or _Qotrige_). The genuineness of the name Sucatus (also recorded by Muirchu, _Sochet_, p. 494), which corresponds to the modern Welsh _hygad_, “warlike” (cp. Stokes, _Trip._ p. 616, and the explanation in the scholia on the hymn _Genair Patraicc_, l. 3), is generally admitted and derives some support from a similar consideration (Bury, _ib._ p. 201). It is probable that when Patricius went to Ireland as a bishop his name was generally rendered Patraicc (with _p_), because it now came in its Latin form, and not as a Brythonic word (Patric?). But we have traces of the use of the other form in _petra Coithrigi_ at Uisnech (Tír. 310₂₅) and _petra Coithirgi_ at Cashel (_ib._ 331). Before the seventh century, the _Sprachgefühl_ for the mutation of foreign _p_ to _c_ had so completely disappeared that the equation _Cothrige_ = _Patricius_ was not recognised, and an absurd derivation for _Cothrige_ was invented (Tír. 302); but it is significant that this etymology was