The life of St. Patrick and his place in historyBury, J. B. (John Bagnell)
History
The life of St. Patrick and his place in history
Bury, J. B. (John Bagnell)
Christian saints -- Ireland -- Biography; Ireland -- Church history -- To 1172; Patrick, Saint, 373?-463?
It is to be noted that in the _Liber Armachanus_ two divergent
subputations of Patrick’s age are found. One of these was originally
appended to the exemplar of Muirchu which was used by the Armagh scribe;
the other is among the notes which are appended to his transcription of
Tírechán.
In the first (300₂₁) it is stated that Patrick, having been captured in
his 20th year, was a slave for 15 years, studied for 40, and taught for
61. Hence it is inferred that his age was 111. There must be errors in
the figures.
In the second (331₂₂) we have the following statement:—baptized in 7th
year, captured in 10th, was a slave for 7 years, studied for 30 years,
and taught for 72. Hence his age at his death is inferred as 120 (10 + 7
+ 30 + 72 = 119), _ut Moyses_.
It is, I venture to think, of the greatest significance that in both
these cases the fictitious age is given as a total, and preceded by a
statement of the items which compose it. This fact furnishes the clue.
The Mosaic age, 120, was not handed down as a legend, nor was the true
age of somewhat over 70 audaciously raised to the Mosaic figure for
the purpose of the Mosaic comparison. The figure 120, or something
approximate, was reached by means of a computation of chronological
items, and it is these chronological items that we must examine in order
to discover the origin of the error.
In the two anonymous computations which I have quoted the items
disagree with each other, and also disagree with the data in Patrick’s
_Confession_. They cannot therefore form the basis of our examination,
because we may safely assume that the computation, by which 120 years
(exactly or approximately) was reached and was generally accepted in
Ireland, did not contravene the data of the _Confession_—data which
were rightly quoted in Tírechán (302₁₇) from the Book of Ultan. We may
safely assume that the computators, who succeeded in establishing the
Mosaic age, started with the incontrovertible fact supplied by the
_Confession_ that Patrick was either 22 years old, or in his 22nd year,
when he escaped from captivity. It is equally clear that the period which
they assigned to his teaching was 60 (rather 61 years)—for that is the
period from his arrival in Ireland, A.D. 433 (rather 432) to the alleged
date of his death, A.D. 493. This would leave 38 (rather 37) years to
be accounted for. Now Muirchu mentions two different records, 30 and 40
years, for the sojourn with Germanus (it is to be observed that, of the
two computations noticed above, one reckons with 30, the other with 40
years). If either of these, 30 years must have been the period accepted
in this computation for St. Patrick’s studies, and an interval of 8 (or
7) years left, which agrees remarkably with the notice of Tírechán (from
the _Liber apud Ultanum_, _ib._): uii. _aliis annis ambulauit_, etc. The
sum worked out thus—
22 + 7 + 30 + 61 = 120.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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